caa a22 4500 467911800 CHVBK 20180406152851.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11157-006-9000-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11157-006-9000-8 Human challenges in polar and space environments [Elektronische Daten] [G. Sandal, G. Leon, L. Palinkas] This paper reviews literature on psychosocial adaptation in isolated and confined extreme (ICE) environments, focusing on polar work groups and expedition teams, and simulation and actual space crews. Long-duration missions may involve chronic exposure to many stressors that can negatively impact behavioral health, performance and even safety. In the last decades, anecdotal evidence has been replaced by scientific studies, identifying temporal, social, and individual determinants of psychosocial adaptation, and pointing to countermeasures that may minimize or prevent potential problems. Still, many issues remain that require additional investigation, specifically in relation to the integration of psychosocial and neurobiological adaptation. A recognition of ICE environments as natural laboratories for studies of fundamental questions within psychology may attract more scientists to the field. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2006 Health nationallicence Behavior nationallicence Psychology nationallicence Interpersonal nationallicence Culture nationallicence Countermeasures nationallicence Isolated and confined extreme environments nationallicence Sandal G. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Christiesgt 12, 5015, Bergen, Norway aut Leon G. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut Palinkas L. School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 5/2-3(2006-08-01), 281-296 1569-1705 5:2-3<281 2006 5 11157 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-006-9000-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-006-9000-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sandal G. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Christiesgt 12, 5015, Bergen, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leon G. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Palinkas L. School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 5/2-3(2006-08-01), 281-296 1569-1705 5:2-3<281 2006 5 11157 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer