caa a22 4500 467916969 CHVBK 20180406152905.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11205-005-8125-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11205-005-8125-4 Culture and Openness [Elektronische Daten] [Eelke de Jong, Roger Smeets, Jeroen Smits] Previous literature on openness has mainly dealt with the consequences of openness. In this paper, however, we are interested in the cultural determinants of openness. Conducting a cross-country analysis incorporating 53 countries over the period 1959-1997, we find that several aspects of national culture have an impact on openness. Specifically, we find positive effects of individualism and negative effects of uncertainty avoidance and power distance on openness. These findings point to the importance of taking cultural influences into account in future research on openness. Interestingly, the cultural effects were found to become stronger over time and to smoothen out in the end of the study period. This result is in line with the idea that the effect of culture may be expressed most clearly in situations where freedom of choice for policy makers is greatest. When this freedom is restricted, because of scarcity reasons or because there is a dominant view on best practice, the possibility of cultural preferences to influence policy decisions seems to be smaller. Springer, 2006 national culture nationallicence liberalization nationallicence openness nationallicence export-oriented growth nationallicence de Jong Eelke Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut Smeets Roger Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut Smits Jeroen Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut Social Indicators Research Kluwer Academic Publishers 78/1(2006-08-01), 111-136 0303-8300 78:1<111 2006 78 11205 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-8125-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-8125-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- de Jong Eelke Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smeets Roger Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Smits Jeroen Department of Economics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9108, 6500, Nijmegen, HK, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Social Indicators Research Kluwer Academic Publishers 78/1(2006-08-01), 111-136 0303-8300 78:1<111 2006 78 11205 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer