caa a22 4500 46791902X CHVBK 20180406152911.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10584-005-9022-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10584-005-9022-1 Lenton Timothy Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, UK and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut Climate Change to the End of the Millennium [Elektronische Daten] [Timothy Lenton] Anthropogenic climate change will continue long after anthropogenic CO2 emissions cease. Atmospheric CO2, global warming and ocean circulation will approach equilibrium on the millennial timescale, whereas thermal expansion of the ocean, ice sheet melt and their contributions to sea level rise are unlikely to be complete. Atmospheric CO2 in year 3000 depends non-linearly on the total amount of CO2 emitted and is very likely to exceed the present level of ∼380 ppmv. CO2 is doubled for ∼2500 GtC emitted, quadrupled if all ∼5000 GtC of conventional fossil fuel resources are emitted, and increases by a factor of ∼32 if a further 20,000 GtC of exotic fossil fuel resources are emitted. Global warming in year 3000 will also depend on climate sensitivity to doubling CO2, which is most probably ∼3 ∘C but highly uncertain. Thermal expansion will contribute 0.5-2 m to millennial sea level rise for each doubling of CO2. The Greenland ice sheet could melt completely within the millennium under > 8×CO2, adding a further ∼7 m to sea level. The rate of melt depends on the magnitude of forcing above a regional warming threshold of 1-3 ∘C. The West Antarctic ice sheet could be threatened by 4-10 ∘C local warming, and its potential contribution to millennial sea level rise exceeds current maximum estimates of ∼1 m. The fate of the ocean thermohaline circulation may depend on the rate as well as the magnitude of forcing. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 Climatic Change Springer Netherlands 76/1-2(2006-05-01), 7-29 0165-0009 76:1-2<7 2006 76 10584 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9022-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9022-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Lenton Timothy Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, UK and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climatic Change Springer Netherlands 76/1-2(2006-05-01), 7-29 0165-0009 76:1-2<7 2006 76 10584 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer