caa a22 4500 467928975 CHVBK 20180406152937.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10658-006-9047-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10658-006-9047-y Honey bee dispersal of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum T39: effectiveness in suppressing Botrytis cinerea on strawberry under field conditions [Elektronische Daten] [Sharoni Shafir, Arnon Dag, Alon Bilu, Mohamad Abu-Toamy, Yigal Elad] Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould, is a major pathogen of many crops. On strawberry, isolates of Trichoderma spp. can effectively control B. cinerea, but frequent application is necessary. Bees can be used to disseminate biological control agents to the target crop. We tested the ability of honey bees to disseminate Trichoderma harzianum T39 to control B. cinerea in strawberry in the field during the winter in Israel over two consecutive seasons. We used the recently developed ‘Triwaks' dispenser for loading the bees with the T. harzianum inoculum. During both years, grey mould developed in late January in untreated control plots; at low to medium disease levels it was partially controlled by fungicide treatment, and was best controlled in bee-visited plots. At high disease levels neither chemical nor biological control was effective. To assess the spatial distribution of inoculum by bees, we sampled flowers up to 200m from the hives and found effective levels of T. harzianum even at 200m. The approach used in this study provides an effective control of grey mould in strawberry in conditions of low to medium grey mould incidence. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2006 Apis mellifera nationallicence grey mould nationallicence inoculum dispenser nationallicence Trichodex nationallicence Shafir Sharoni B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel aut Dag Arnon Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Gilat Research Station, 85280, Mobile Post Negev, Israel aut Bilu Alon B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel aut Abu-Toamy Mohamad Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Hadera, Israel aut Elad Yigal Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 116/2(2006-10-01), 119-128 0929-1873 116:2<119 2006 116 10658 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9047-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9047-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shafir Sharoni B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dag Arnon Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Gilat Research Station, 85280, Mobile Post Negev, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bilu Alon B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Abu-Toamy Mohamad Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Hadera, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elad Yigal Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 116/2(2006-10-01), 119-128 0929-1873 116:2<119 2006 116 10658 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer