caa a22 4500 467928983 CHVBK 20180406152937.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10658-006-9028-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10658-006-9028-1 Incidence and distribution of Heterobasidion and Armillaria and their influence on canopy gap formation in unmanaged mountain pine forests in the Swiss Alps [Elektronische Daten] [M. Bendel, F. Kienast, H. Bugmann, D. Rigling] Various disturbance factors on different spatial scales can lead to the creation of canopy gaps in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role of root rot fungi in the formation of canopy gaps in the Swiss National Park in the Central Alps. Dying or recently dead mountain pine (Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata trees (n=172) and saplings (n=192) from 42 canopy gaps were assessed for Armillaria and Annosum root rot. Heterobasidion annosum s.str. proved to be the dominant pathogen and was isolated from 49% of the trees and 64% of the saplings. Armillaria was found on 13% of the trees and 20% of the saplings. Three Armillaria species, A. borealis, A. cepistipes, and A. ostoyae, were identified. Armillaria ostoyae was the most frequent species, accounting for 72% of all Armillaria isolates. A total of 31 (74%) gaps were associated with H. annosum, and six (14%) with A. ostoyae. The remaining gaps were either associated with both pathogens (7%) or with other, unknown, factors (5%). Our findings suggest that the two pathogenic fungi, H. annosum s.str. and A. ostoyae, are the main reason for the large-scale mortality of mountain pines and the creation of canopy gaps in high elevation forests of the Swiss National Park. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 2006 Armillaria ostoyae nationallicence Canopy gaps nationallicence Forest dynamics nationallicence Pinus mugo nationallicence Root rot nationallicence Bendel M. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut Kienast F. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut Bugmann H. Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland aut Rigling D. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 116/2(2006-10-01), 85-93 0929-1873 116:2<85 2006 116 10658 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9028-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-006-9028-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bendel M. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kienast F. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bugmann H. Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rigling D. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 116/2(2006-10-01), 85-93 0929-1873 116:2<85 2006 116 10658 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer