caa a22 4500 467929459 CHVBK 20180406152939.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10658-005-4512-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10658-005-4512-6 An Aqueous Extract of the Dry Mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum Induces Resistance in Several Crops under Controlled and Field Conditions [Elektronische Daten] [Barbara Thuerig, Andres Binder, Thomas Boller, Urs Guyer, Sonia Jiménez, Christina Rentsch, Lucius Tamm] We have examined the effect of Pen, an aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, on plant-pathogen interactions. Pen controlled a broad range of pathogens on several crop plants under greenhouse and field conditions. Pen protected grapevine from downy and powdery mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator), tomato from early blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), onion from downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) and apple trees from apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis) to a similar extent as fungicides such as copper and sulphur or well-known inducers such as benzothiadiazole or β-aminobutyric acid. Pen had no major direct fungicidal effect and is thus supposed to protect plants by activating their defense mechanisms. The raw material for extraction of Pen was available in constant quality, a prerequisite for commercial application. Under certain conditions, Pen caused phytotoxic side effects. The symptoms mostly consisted of small necrotic spots or, more rarely, of larger necrotic areas. The development of the symptoms was dependent on several parameters, including concentration of Pen, the number of applications, the persistence on the plant tissue, the plant species and variety and environmental conditions. In grapevine, a partially purified fraction of Pen was much less toxic than the crude Pen extract, but protected the plants to a similar extent against P. viticola. Our data show that Pen has interesting and unique properties as a plant protection agent, but more research is needed to further reduce its phytotoxic side effects. Springer, 2006 apple tree nationallicence grapevine nationallicence induced resistance nationallicence Phytophthora infestans nationallicence Plasmopara viticola nationallicence tomato nationallicence Pen : an aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum nationallicence Pen2000 : a size fraction of Pen (>2000Da) gained by dialysis nationallicence Thuerig Barbara Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut Binder Andres Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Boller Thomas Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut Guyer Urs Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut Jiménez Sonia Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut Rentsch Christina Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut Tamm Lucius Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 114/2(2006-02-01), 185-197 0929-1873 114:2<185 2006 114 10658 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-4512-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-4512-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thuerig Barbara Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Binder Andres Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boller Thomas Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, 4056, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Guyer Urs Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jiménez Sonia Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rentsch Christina Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tamm Lucius Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Ackerstrasse, 5070, Frick, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Plant Pathology Kluwer Academic Publishers 114/2(2006-02-01), 185-197 0929-1873 114:2<185 2006 114 10658 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer