caa a22 4500 467936218 CHVBK 20180406152958.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11069-005-6126-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11069-005-6126-x Phillips Marcia WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland aut Avalanche Defence Strategies and Monitoring of Two Sites in Mountain Permafrost Terrain, Pontresina, Eastern Swiss Alps [Elektronische Daten] [Marcia Phillips] Snow-supporting avalanche defence structures are increasingly being built at high altitudes in potential permafrost areas. Special construction methods and guidelines have been developed to ensure a minimal stability of the structures, which have a vital role in the protection of underlying settlements and transport infrastructure against snow avalanches. If the avalanche slopes are located on ice-rich permafrost terrain, as is the case in a steep avalanche gully above Pontresina (Eastern Swiss Alps), other means of protection must be used - such as deflection or retention dams - as construction on ice-rich sediments can be very problematic. Experimental snow-supporting structures were built in 1997 in order to test different types of structures and their foundations, to develop specially adapted construction methods and to monitor the long-term behaviour of the structures in moderately creeping frozen ground with volumetric ice contents under 20%. Snow-nets were found to be the most suitable type of protection against avalanches in this type of permafrost terrain due to their deformability and because they are well adapted to rock fall. The structures do not improve slope stability but contribute towards maintaining permafrost as they delay snow melt by modifying the spatial and temporal distribution of the snow cover. The results of the project described have led to a better understanding of permafrost-related avalanche defence problems. Springer, 2006 snow-supporting structures nationallicence avalanches nationallicence ice-rich permafrost nationallicence slope stability nationallicence ground temperature nationallicence Natural Hazards Kluwer Academic Publishers 39/3(2006-12-01), 353-379 0921-030X 39:3<353 2006 39 11069 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-6126-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-6126-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Phillips Marcia WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260, Davos Dorf, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Natural Hazards Kluwer Academic Publishers 39/3(2006-12-01), 353-379 0921-030X 39:3<353 2006 39 11069 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 020153708 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer