caa a22 4500 467936269 CHVBK 20180406152958.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11069-006-0032-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11069-006-0032-8 Eskijian M. Marine Facilities Division, California State Lands Commission, 200 Oceangate, Suite 900, 90802, Long Beach, CA, USA aut Mitigation of seismic and meteorological hazards to marine oil terminals and other pier and wharf structures in California [Elektronische Daten] [M. Eskijian] For the past 12years, the California State Lands Commission has been involved in the operational monitoring, structural inspection and requalification of 45 marine oil terminals along California's coast, which have an average age of about 50years and plans to keep these structures in service for another 20-40years. Having seen the port and harbor damage from the 1995 Kobe and 1999 Izmit earthquakes, the potential for a major disruption in petroleum product production is real. Losing the daily gasoline production for a period of weeks or months as a result of a moderate earthquake or tsunami could significantly affect the economic well being of California and much of the western United States. In addition, a major oil spill resulting from such an event could cause the closure of a major port for days or even weeks. Such a closure would further affect the economy of California and the United States. Most of these facilities were designed to primitive seismic standards and for vessels much smaller than those currently moored. Many of these structures have never had a comprehensive underwater inspection. Wind and current forces on large tank ships can cause mooring lines to break or cause serious structural damage to supporting structures. In California, non-regulatory progress has been made in the following areas: (i) underwater and above water inspections or audits; (ii) mooring analyses and structural/environmental monitoring in high velocity current areas; (iii) seismic analyses and structural rehabilitation with updated seismic hazard data; and (iv) accelerometers on marine structures. In addition, standards have been developed and are proposed to be regulatory by early 2004. The new standards include most of the items listed above, but also extend into many other areas. Along with the proposed regulations come many issues that raise economic and political questions. These issues are not unique to marine oil terminals and are applicable to other pier and wharf structures in harbors. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2006 Marine structures nationallicence Seismic requalification nationallicence Mooring analyses nationallicence ASCE : American Society of Civil Engineers nationallicence CSLC : California State Lands Commission nationallicence CSMIP : California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (California) nationallicence DWT : Deadweight tons nationallicence FEMA : Federal Emergency Management Agency (USA) nationallicence MFD : Marine Facilities Division of the California State Lands Commission nationallicence MOTEMS : Marine Oil Terminal Engineering and Maintenance Standards nationallicence NFESC : Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (USA) nationallicence OCIMF : Oil Companies International Marine Forum nationallicence P&ID'S : Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams nationallicence PIANC : Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses nationallicence PRC : Public Resource Code (California) nationallicence USCG : United States Coast Guard nationallicence Natural Hazards Kluwer Academic Publishers 39/2(2006-10-01), 343-351 0921-030X 39:2<343 2006 39 11069 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0032-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-0032-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Eskijian M. Marine Facilities Division, California State Lands Commission, 200 Oceangate, Suite 900, 90802, Long Beach, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Natural Hazards Kluwer Academic Publishers 39/2(2006-10-01), 343-351 0921-030X 39:2<343 2006 39 11069 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer