caa a22 4500 467937540 CHVBK 20180406153001.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00703-005-0172-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00703-005-0172-5 Li X. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA aut Cloud microphysical and precipitation responses to a large-scale forcing in the tropical deep convective regime [Elektronische Daten] [X. Li] Summary: Cloud microphysical and precipitation responses to a large-scale forcing in the tropical deep convective regime are investigated based on hourly zonally-averaged, vertically-integrated simulation data from a two-dimensional coupled ocean-cloud resolving atmosphere model. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from TOGA COARE for a 50-day period. The accretion of cloud water by graupel induces growth of graupel that enhances raindrops through its melting during a weak-forcing period, whereas the large deposition rate of vapor associated with a large upper-tropospheric upward motion causes growth of snow from the conversion of cloud ice and enhancement of graupel from the accretion of snow during a strong-forcing period. The local changes of raindrops and graupel switch from the negative to positive values as the forcing strengthens in the weak-forcing case, whereas the variations of cloud hydrometeors are not sensitive to the strength of the forcing in the strong-forcing case. Phase analysis indicates that cloud water leads the surface rain rate by 1 hour. The surface rain rate can be calculated based on the conservation of vapor and cloud hydrometeors and the budget of raindrops. The vapor source and local changes of cloud hydrometeors could have impacts in the calculation of the surface rain rate. The vapor source determines the surface rain rate in the strong-forcing case whereas the cloud variations could become important in the weak-forcing case. In the budget of raindrops, the sum of the collection of cloud water by raindrops, the melting of graupel, and the evaporation of raindrops determines the surface rain rate in the strong-forcing case whereas the other rain-related microphysical processes become important in the weak-forcing case. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Springer-Verlag 94/1-4(2006-11-01), 87-102 0177-7971 94:1-4<87 2006 94 703 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0172-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0172-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Li X. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation and NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Springer-Verlag 94/1-4(2006-11-01), 87-102 0177-7971 94:1-4<87 2006 94 703 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer