caa a22 4500 467937583 CHVBK 20180406153001.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20061101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00703-005-0170-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00703-005-0170-7 A three-dimensional variational single-Doppler velocity retrieval method with simple conservation equation constraint [Elektronische Daten] [J. Gao, M. Xue, S.-Y. Lee, A. Shapiro, Q. Xu, K. K. Droegemeier] Summary: In this paper, a new three-dimensional variational analysis scheme capable of retrieving three-dimensional winds from single Doppler observations of convective storms is developed. The method incorporates, in a single cost function, Doppler radar observations, a background field, smoothness and mass continuity constraints, and the residual of reflectivity or radial velocity conservation. By minimizing this cost function, an analysis with the desired fit to these constraints is obtained in a single procedure. In tests with both simulated and real thunderstorm cases, detailed structures of the storms are well retrieved in comparison with reference analysis. Unlike most kinematic retrieval methods, our scheme is capable of directly dealing with data voids. When an analysis background is available, say from a proximity sounding, a wind profiler, or a numerical model forecast, the method naturally blends Doppler radar observations with it. Thus, a smooth transition is obtained between data-rich and data-void areas. These features, among others, are important if the analysis is to be used to initialize storm-scale numerical models or for diagnostic studies of storm structures. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Gao J. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut Xue M. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut Lee S.-Y Meteorological Research Institute, Seoul, Korea aut Shapiro A. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut Xu Q. National Severe Storm Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA aut Droegemeier K. K. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Springer-Verlag 94/1-4(2006-11-01), 11-26 0177-7971 94:1-4<11 2006 94 703 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0170-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0170-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gao J. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xue M. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lee S.-Y Meteorological Research Institute, Seoul, Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shapiro A. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xu Q. National Severe Storm Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Droegemeier K. K. Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Springer-Verlag 94/1-4(2006-11-01), 11-26 0177-7971 94:1-4<11 2006 94 703 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer