caa a22 4500 467942366 CHVBK 20180406153016.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e20060501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00421-006-0150-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00421-006-0150-8 Seven days' around the clock exhaustive physical exertion combined with energy depletion and sleep deprivation primes circulating leukocytes [Elektronische Daten] [Yngvar Gundersen, Per Opstad, Trine Reistad, Ingjerd Thrane, Per Vaagenes] Both exhaustive physical exertion and starvation have been reported to induce depression of immune function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory environment and state of activation and mediator-producing potential of circulating leukocytes during prolonged physical activity with concomitant energy and sleep deprivation. Eight well-trained males were studied during 7days of semi-continuous physical activity. Sleep was restricted to about 1h/24h, energy intake to 1.5- 3.0MJ/24h. Blood was drawn at 07.00 a.m. on days 0, 2, 4, and 7. Plasma levels of inflammation markers were measured. The response of circulating leukocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1μgmL−1), and the effect of added hydrocortisone (10 and 100nmolL−1), were measured in the supernatant after 3h of incubation in an ex vivo whole blood model. Activation of leukocytes steadily increased as measured by plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Inhibitors of systemic inflammation were either unaltered (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1) or elevated (plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist). Cortisol levels increased on days 2 and 4, but thereafter reverted to baseline values. The leukocytes responded to LPS activation with increasing release of inflammatory cytokines throughout the study period. The anti-inflammatory potency of hydrocortisone decreased. Prolonged multifactorial stress thus activated circulating immune cells and primed them for an increased response to a subsequent microbial challenge. Springer-Verlag, 2006 Exercise nationallicence Inflammation nationallicence Glucocorticoids nationallicence Leukocytes nationallicence Stress nationallicence Gundersen Yngvar Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut Opstad Per Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut Reistad Trine Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut Thrane Ingjerd Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut Vaagenes Per Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut European Journal of Applied Physiology Springer-Verlag 97/2(2006-05-01), 151-157 1439-6319 97:2<151 2006 97 421 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0150-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0150-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gundersen Yngvar Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Opstad Per Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Reistad Trine Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Thrane Ingjerd Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vaagenes Per Division of Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Avdeling B, N-2027, Kjeller, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Applied Physiology Springer-Verlag 97/2(2006-05-01), 151-157 1439-6319 97:2<151 2006 97 421 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer