caa a22 4500 46902934X CHVBK 20180323132739.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00400057 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00400057 Slocombe D. Department of Geography, Wilfrid Laurier University, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ont., Canada aut Environmental monitoring for protected areas: Review and prospect [Elektronische Daten] [D. Slocombe] Monitoring activities in protected areas have a long history. Internal planning and management needs early led to ecological inventories. More recently the increasing number and awareness of external threats to parks has led to a variety of monitoring programs. Efforts to use protected areas, and especially biosphere reserves, as ecological baselines, have reinforced this trend. And as protected areas are increasingly recognized to be islands with complex internal and regional interactions, holistic, systems approaches to inventory, monitoring, and assessment of their state are being developed. This paper begins by reviewing threats to parks and the origins and importance of inventory and monitoring activities. A review of resource survey methods follows. Ecosystem science and environmental monitoring are introduced as a foundation for consideration of several newer approaches to monitoring and assessing the state of natural environments. These newer approaches are stress/response frameworks, landscape ecology, ecosystem integrity, and state of the environment reporting. A final section presents some principles for monitoring the state of protected areas. Examples are drawn from experience with Canadian national parks. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Kluwer Academic Publishers 21/1(1992-04-01), 49-78 0167-6369 21:1<49 1992 21 10661 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00400057 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00400057 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Slocombe D. Department of Geography, Wilfrid Laurier University, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ont., Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Kluwer Academic Publishers 21/1(1992-04-01), 49-78 0167-6369 21:1<49 1992 21 10661 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer