caa a22 4500 469032316 CHVBK 20180323132746.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02664540 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02664540 The problems of water resources in North China and the strategy [Elektronische Daten] [Lijuan Li, Baoqing Li] North China, whose total area is 420,000 km2, covers 2 provinces and 2 cities (Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Beijing and Tianjin) and the territories of Henan and Shandong provinces to the north of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province. Most of this region, which is situated in the semi-humid, semi-arid continental climate temperate zone, gets an annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, whereas, the perennial average amount of total water resource is 50.99 billion m3, including 33.82 billion m3 of surface water, 32.94 billion m3 of ground water and 15.77 billion m3 of their duplication. Due to the intensive exploitation of water resource caused by the deficiency of water resource in North China, key elements of water balance was changed, runoff volume reduced, evaporation increased, vertical movement of moisture strengthened, water circulation pattern transformed from open system into regionally closed system; meanwhile, due to the incompetent water purification system in comparison with the wastewater discharge, the pollution of water bodies goes bad to worse. Furthermore, some water bodies becomes unusable. The reduction in runoff amount, both surface and under ground, and the pollution of water body cause a series of environmental problems. The essential contributing factors of the water resources problems in North China are the deficiency of water resource and water pollution. The deficiency was mainly caused by fast increase in water consumption and water pollution, besides the fragility of local natural conditions. The deficiency is consequently brought about by population growth and economic development incoordinate with local circumstance. The strategies to deal with the water resources problems should include the following aspects: 1) the establishment of water-saving economy and society, 2) proper management and rational utilization of water resources, 3) the exploitation of new water resources, and 4) the improvement of wastewater treatment ability. Science Press, 1992 water resources exploitation nationallicence water resources utiliztion nationallicence North China nationallicence Li Lijuan Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PRC aut Li Baoqing Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PRC aut Chinese Geographical Science Science Press 2/2(1992-06-01), 183-196 1002-0063 2:2<183 1992 2 11769 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664540 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664540 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Lijuan Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PRC aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Baoqing Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, PRC aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Chinese Geographical Science Science Press 2/2(1992-06-01), 183-196 1002-0063 2:2<183 1992 2 11769 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer