caa a22 4500 469054131 CHVBK 20180323132838.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF01466273 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF01466273 Pain, thermal sensation and cooling rates of hands while touching cold materials [Elektronische Daten] [George Havenith, Erik van de Linde, Ronald Heus] Summary: Hand cooling and resulting comfort and pain were studied in 12 subjects, while touching six different materials (polyurethane foam, wood, nylon, rustproof steel, aluminium, and temperature-controlled metal) which were initially at ambient temperature. This was done for three ambient temperatures (-10°, 0° and 10° C), after pre-exposure exercise or rest, with bare hands or while wearing gloves. The observed cooling curves were analysed as Newtonian cooling curves. The observed time constants appeared to be significantly related to the materials' contact coefficients, the presence of hand protection, the preceding activity, and the interaction between contact coefficient and the presence of hand protection. These parameters also allowed a good description of the time constant (r 2=0.8) of the related cooling curves. Thermal and pain sensation could be described in terms of the local skin temperature, ambient temperature and hand protection. Equal pain and thermal levels were associated with lower temperatures of the back of the hand than of the contact side. The slightly painful condition was associated with a skin temperature of 16° C for the back and 19° C for the palm of the hand. The pain level appeared to be inversely related to cooling speed. Skin freezing occurred at higher skin temperatures when touching cold objects than when exposed to cold air as a result of reduced supercooling. The regression equations determined allowed calculations to be made of safety limits for hand cooling while in contact with a wide range of materials. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Cold sensation nationallicence Skin temperature nationallicence Cold injury nationallicence Contact nationallicence Havenith George Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut van de Linde Erik Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut Heus Ronald Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Springer-Verlag 65/1(1992-01-01), 43-51 0301-5548 65:1<43 1992 65 421 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01466273 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01466273 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Havenith George Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van de Linde Erik Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heus Ronald Thermal Physiology Research Group, TNO-Institute for Perception, Kampweg 5, P.O. Box 23, NL-3769, DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Springer-Verlag 65/1(1992-01-01), 43-51 0301-5548 65:1<43 1992 65 421 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer