caa a22 4500 469054778 CHVBK 20180323132840.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00705078 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00705078 The energy cost of walking or running on sand [Elektronische Daten] [P. Zamparo, R. Perini, C. Orizio, M. Sacher, G. Ferretti] Summary: Oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V$$ O2) at steady state, heart rate and perceived exertion were determined on nine subjects (six men and three women) while walking (3-7 km · h−1) or running (7-14 km · h−1) on sand or on a firm surface. The women performed the walking tests only. The energy cost of locomotion per unit of distance (C) was then calculated from the ratio of $$\dot V$$ O2 to speed and expressed in J · kg−1 · m−1 assuming an energy equivalent of 20.9 J · ml O2 −1. At the highest speedsC was adjusted for the measured lactate contribution (which ranged from approximately 2% to approximately 11% of the total). It was found that, when walking on sand,C increased linearly with speed from 3.1 J · kg−1 · m−1 at 3 km · h−1 to 5.5 J · kg−1 · m−1 at 7 km · h−1, whereas on a firm surfaceC attained a minimum of 2.3 J · kg−1 · m−1 at 4.5 km · h−1 being greater at lower or higher speeds. On average, when walking at speeds greater than 3 km · h−1,C was about 1.8 times greater on sand than on compact terrain. When running on sandC was approximately independent of the speed, amounting to 5.3 J · kg−1 · m−1, i.e. about 1.2 times greater than on compact terrain. These findings could be attributed to a reduced recovery of potential and kinetic energy at each stride when walking on sand (approximately 45% to be compared to approximately 65% on a firm surface) and to a reduced recovery of elastic energy when running on sand. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Sand nationallicence Energy cost nationallicence Walking nationallicence Running nationallicence Perceived exertion nationallicence Zamparo P. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Gervasutta 48, I-33100, Udine, Italy aut Perini R. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Valsabbina 19, I-25123, Brescia, Italy aut Orizio C. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Valsabbina 19, I-25123, Brescia, Italy aut Sacher M. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Gervasutta 48, I-33100, Udine, Italy aut Ferretti G. Département de Physiologie, C.M.U., Avenue de Champel 9, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland aut European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Springer-Verlag 65/2(1992-03-01), 183-187 0301-5548 65:2<183 1992 65 421 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705078 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705078 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zamparo P. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Gervasutta 48, I-33100, Udine, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Perini R. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Valsabbina 19, I-25123, Brescia, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Orizio C. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Valsabbina 19, I-25123, Brescia, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sacher M. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, cattedra di Fisiologia, via Gervasutta 48, I-33100, Udine, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ferretti G. Département de Physiologie, C.M.U., Avenue de Champel 9, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Springer-Verlag 65/2(1992-03-01), 183-187 0301-5548 65:2<183 1992 65 421 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 214669149 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer