caa a22 4500 469074612 CHVBK 20180323132932.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00129703 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00129703 Pseudoreplication: a sine qua non for regional ecology [Elektronische Daten] [William Hargrove, John Pickering] We question whether classical experimentation is adequate for real progress in landscape or regional ecology. One cannot do classical experimentation unless one can replicate the treatment. There is conflict between the need to replicate and the need to study processes at appropriately large scales. Because of the difficulties in doing controlled field experiments at regional scales, we propose that landscape ecologists take greater advantage of natural field experiments. Natural experiments must be coordinated, standardized, and synchronized over space and through time, and will require the cooperation of multiple investigators. Distributed computer networks can help provide the automated region-wide monitoring which will supply natural experiments with pre-treatment data. Regions or landscapes need not be ‘replicated', and indeed, cannot be. One can achieve a relational understanding between a system's response and environmental characteristics. This understanding is not definitive, but allows for the development of testable hypotheses, in the classical sense. The confounding of space, time, and/or other environmental factors in pseudoreplicated natural experiments only allows for the development of hypotheses - ‘how-possibly' explanations. Discrimination among competing hypotheses can be done at smaller scales and used to infer processes occurring at larger scales. Use of natural and controlled field experiments in complementary roles is a more promising approach than views of one or the other as methodologically inferior. SPB Academic Publishing bv, 1992 statistics nationallicence sampling nationallicence experimentation nationallicence experimental design nationallicence landscape ecology nationallicence Hargrove William Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut Pickering John Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut Landscape Ecology Kluwer Academic Publishers 6/4(1992-03-01), 251-258 0921-2973 6:4<251 1992 6 10980 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129703 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129703 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hargrove William Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pickering John Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Landscape Ecology Kluwer Academic Publishers 6/4(1992-03-01), 251-258 0921-2973 6:4<251 1992 6 10980 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer