caa a22 4500 469097930 CHVBK 20180323133036.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19921001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00650318 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00650318 Ants and Polyommatus icarus immatures (Lycaenidae) —sex-related developmental benefits and costs of ant attendance [Elektronische Daten] [Konrad Fiedler, Bert Hölldobler] Summary: Third and fourth instar larvae and pupae of the facultatively myrmecophilous Palaearctic blue butterflyPolyommatus icarus showed no alteration in developmental time when reared in the presence of two species ofLasius ants. Sex differences were observed in larval growth and pupal weight, with males growing larger and faster. Sex-related differences also occurred in the costs and benefits of ant-attendance. Male pupal masses tended to be larger in individuals associated with ants, and their pupal weight loss was not enhanced by ant attendance. This positive developmental effect of myrmecophily is tentatively attributed to a stimulating influence of ants on caterpillar feeding behavior. In contrast, females associated with ants tended to lose more weight during the pupal stage. Hence there is evidence for developmental benefits, rather than costs, of myrmecophily in maleP. icarus immatures, whereas ant attendance appears to be more costly for females during the pupal stage. These findings are discussed in relation to data on other myrmecophilous lycaenid species. It is suggested that maintaining low-level myrmecophily and its related organs is a comparatively inexpensive evolutionary stable strategy among this butterfly group. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Lycaenidae nationallicence Formicidae nationallicence Myrmecophily nationallicence Mutualism nationallicence Cost-benefit analysis nationallicence Fiedler Konrad Zoologisches Institut II, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Am Hubland, W-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut Hölldobler Bert Zoologisches Institut II, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Am Hubland, W-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut Oecologia Springer-Verlag 91/4(1992-10-01), 468-473 0029-8549 91:4<468 1992 91 442 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650318 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00650318 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fiedler Konrad Zoologisches Institut II, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Am Hubland, W-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hölldobler Bert Zoologisches Institut II, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Am Hubland, W-8700, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Oecologia Springer-Verlag 91/4(1992-10-01), 468-473 0029-8549 91:4<468 1992 91 442 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer