caa a22 4500 469102039 CHVBK 20180323133046.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00129092 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00129092 Petroleum bioremediation — a multiphase problem [Elektronische Daten] [Eugene Rosenberg, Rachel Legmann, Ariel Kushmaro, Ran Taube, Ellik Adler, Eliora Ron] Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is a multiphase reaction, involving oxygen gas, water-insoluble hydrocarbons, water, dissolved salts and microorganisms. The fact that the first step in hydrocarbon catabolism involves a membrane-bound oxygenase makes it essential for microorganisms to come into direct contact with the hydrocarbon substrate. Growth then proceeds on the hydrocarbon/water interface. Bacteria have developed two general strategies for enhancing contact with water-insoluble hydrocarbons: specific adhesion mechanisms and production of extracellular emulsifying agents. Since petroleum is a complex mixture of many different classes of hydrocarbons, of which any particular microorganism has the potential to degrade only part, it follows that the microorganisms must also have a mechanism for desorbing from used' oil droplets. The major limitations in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated water and soil is available sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. The usual sources of these materials, e.g. ammonium sulfate and phosphate salts, have a high water solubility which reduces their effectiveness in open systems because of rapid dilution. We have attempted to overcome this problem by the use of a new controlled-release, hydrophobic fertilizer, F-1, which is a modified urea-formaldehyde polymer containing 18% N and 10% P as P2O5. Microorganisms were obtained by enrichment culture that could grow on crude oil as the carbon and energy source and F-1 as the nitrogen and phosphorus source. The microorganisms and the F-1 adhered to the oil/water interface, as observed microscopically and by the fact that degradation proceeded even when the water phase was removed and replaced seven times with unsupplemented water — a simulated open system. Strains which can use F-1 contain a cell-bound, inducible enzyme which depolymerizes F-1. After optimizing conditions in the laboratory for the use of F-1 and the selected bacteria for degrading crude oil, a field trial was performed on an oil contaminated sandy beach between Haifa and Acre, Israel, in the summer of 1992. The sand was treated with 5 g F-1 per kg sand and inoculated with the selected bacteria; the plot was watered with sea water and plowed daily. After 28 days the average hydrocarbon content of the sand decreased from 5.1 mg per g sand to 0.6 mg per g sand. Overall, there was an approx. 86% degradation of pentane extractables as demonstrated by dry weight, I.R. and GLC analyses. An untreated control plot showed only a 15% decrease in hydrocarbons. During the winter of 1992, the entire beach (approx. 200 tons of crude oil) was cleaned using the F-1 bacteria technology. The rate of degradation was 0.06 mg g-1 sand day-1 (10°C) compared to 0.13 mg g-1 sand day-1 during the summer (25°C). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992 petroleum nationallicence bioremediation nationallicence hydrocarbon pollution nationallicence bioemulsifiers nationallicence petroleum microbiology nationallicence Rosenberg Eugene Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut Legmann Rachel Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut Kushmaro Ariel Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut Taube Ran Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut Adler Ellik Marine and Coastal Environment Division, Office of the Environment, Jerusalem, Israel aut Ron Eliora Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut Biodegradation Kluwer Academic Publishers 3/2-3(1992-06-01), 337-350 0923-9820 3:2-3<337 1992 3 10532 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129092 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129092 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rosenberg Eugene Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Legmann Rachel Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kushmaro Ariel Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Taube Ran Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Adler Ellik Marine and Coastal Environment Division, Office of the Environment, Jerusalem, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ron Eliora Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodegradation Kluwer Academic Publishers 3/2-3(1992-06-01), 337-350 0923-9820 3:2-3<337 1992 3 10532 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer