caa a22 4500 469106212 CHVBK 20180323133057.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00044716 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00044716 Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on estuarine and marine ecosystems in Canada: a review [Elektronische Daten] [A. Colodey, P. Wells] This review examines the impact of pulp and paper mill effluents by comparing effects from Canada's east and west coasts at a time when revisions to the federal Fisheries Act (Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations) are being finalized. Pulp and paper mill effluents from Canadian coastal mills were usually acutely toxic at source, and in many cases had marked deleterious effects on receiving waters due to toxicity, high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) loadings. Extreme reductions in ambient dissolved oxygen, impacts on benthic and intertidal organisms, changes in water colour and primary productivity, have been demonstrated over the years and continue to cause environmental damage. Contamination of biota by a wide range of chlorinated organic compounds has been more recently the focus of investigations. While sublethal effects of lowered dissolved oxygen levels and suspended solids on the water column and bottom communities are well known, the potential effects of major organochlorine contamination of water (measured as Adsorbable Organic Halogens=AOX), sediments, and biota are not fully understood, especially under natural and perturbated conditions. The findings of recent North American and Scandinavian studies which describe liver enzyme activation, histological damage, reproductive and population level changes in fish, are a major concern as they are a sign of ecosystem stress and pathology. The environmental effects described herein are long-term impacts which will not respond quickly to changes in pollutant loading. Integrated site-specific assessments need to be undertaken to document ecosystem response to process and treatment improvements at mill sites. Current biomonitoring techniques including measures of population structure and ecosystem function are needed in addition to sensitive biochemical indicators of contaminant exposure. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992 marine nationallicence sublethal nationallicence toxicity nationallicence pulp paper nationallicence AOX nationallicence BOD nationallicence TSS nationallicence Colodey A. Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Pacific & Yukon Region, 224 West Esplanade, V7M 3H7, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada aut Wells P. School of Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, 1312 Robie Street, B3H 3E2, Halifax, N.S., Canada aut Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health Kluwer Academic Publishers 1/3(1992-09-01), 201-226 0925-1014 1:3<201 1992 1 10813 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044716 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044716 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Colodey A. Environmental Protection, Environment Canada, Pacific & Yukon Region, 224 West Esplanade, V7M 3H7, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wells P. School of Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, 1312 Robie Street, B3H 3E2, Halifax, N.S., Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health Kluwer Academic Publishers 1/3(1992-09-01), 201-226 0925-1014 1:3<201 1992 1 10813 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer