caa a22 4500 469106433 CHVBK 20180323133057.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00044043 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00044043 The surface waters component of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP): an overview [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas Whittier, Steven Paulsen] The U.S. EPA is developing a new monitoring program, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), to monitor and assess the ecological health of major ecosystems, including surface waters, forests, near-coastal waters, wetlands, agricultural lands, arid lands, and the Great Lakes, in an integrated, systematic manner. The program is designed to operate at regional and national scales, for decades, and to evaluate the extent and condition of entire ecological resources. EMAP has a common sampling framework for all resource types. The frame consists of a systematic grid of about 12,500 points in the conterminous United States that can be subdivided into subgrids of varying densities. A subset of 3,200 40 km2 hexagons will be selected for field sampling of surface water resources. A four-year resampling cycle will allow approximately 800 lakes and 800 stream sites to be evaluated annually. Ecological assessments for surface waters will address three environmental values of concern: biotic integrity, fishability, and trophic state. The focus will be on biological assemblages, including fish, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, birds and diatoms, as response indicators of ecological condition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992 monitoring nationallicence surface waters nationallicence long-term nationallicence broad-scale nationallicence U.S.A nationallicence Whittier Thomas Man Tech Environmental Technology, Inc., University of Nevada-Las Vegas, USA aut Paulsen Steven Environmental Research Center, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, USA aut Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health Kluwer Academic Publishers 1/2(1992-06-01), 119-126 0925-1014 1:2<119 1992 1 10813 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044043 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00044043 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Whittier Thomas Man Tech Environmental Technology, Inc., University of Nevada-Las Vegas, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paulsen Steven Environmental Research Center, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health Kluwer Academic Publishers 1/2(1992-06-01), 119-126 0925-1014 1:2<119 1992 1 10813 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer