caa a22 4500 469118660 CHVBK 20180323133132.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19921201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02247722 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02247722 Nicotine elimination and tolerance in non-dependent cigarette smokers [Elektronische Daten] [Saul Shiffman, Monica Zettler-Segal, Jon Kassel, Jean Paty, Neal Benowitz, Gregory O'Brien] Although most smokers are nicotine-dependent, recent studies suggest that some very light smokers ("chippers”, who smoke fewer than five cigarettes per day) may smoke for decades without developing dependence. It was considered that slowed nicotine elimination and/or reduced nicotine tolerance might underlie chippers' ability to maintain smoking at such low levels. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied the elimination kinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine in chippers and matched regular smokers. Plasma nicotine levels and cardiovascular responses were observed for several hours after subjects were administered uniform doses of tobacco smoke. Chippers did show less chronic nicotine tolerance, but only on some response measures. Their rates of nicotine elimination equaled those of regular smokers. This finding, when coupled with other data about chippers' smoking patterns and nicotine absorption, establish that chippers cannot maintain substantial plasma nicotine levels between cigarettes, and thus suggest that attempts to maintain minimal trough levels of nicotine do not underlie chippers' smoking. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Nicotine nationallicence Dependence nationallicence Elimination rate nationallicence Tolerance nationallicence Pharmacokinetics nationallicence Pharmacodynamics nationallicence Shiffman Saul Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Zettler-Segal Monica Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Kassel Jon Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Paty Jean Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Benowitz Neal Department of Medicine, University of California, 94110, San Francisco, CA, USA aut O'Brien Gregory Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 109/4(1992-12-01), 449-456 0033-3158 109:4<449 1992 109 213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247722 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247722 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shiffman Saul Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zettler-Segal Monica Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kassel Jon Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paty Jean Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Benowitz Neal Department of Medicine, University of California, 94110, San Francisco, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- O'Brien Gregory Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 109/4(1992-12-01), 449-456 0033-3158 109:4<449 1992 109 213 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer