caa a22 4500 469119020 CHVBK 20180323133133.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19921001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02245484 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02245484 Forced-choice versus free-choice procedures: Caffeine self-administration in humans [Elektronische Daten] [Alison Oliveto, John Hughes, Stephen Higgins, Warren Bickel, Sara Pepper, Pamela Shea, James Fenwick] Methodological comparisons of procedures for drug self-administration are rare. In studies examining the reinforcing effect of caffeine in humans, caffeine self-administration usually has been inferred from performance under forced-choice procedures. In the present experiment, caffeine self-administration via coffee was compared under forced-choice and free-choice conditions; i.e., when subjects were and were not required to use a minimum number of coffees. Ten moderate coffee drinkers (2-7 cups/day) were assigned to forced- and free-choice conditions using a randomized cross-over design. Under each choice condition, subjects completed six independent, double-blind trials, consisting of a 2-day exposure period followed by a 2-day test period. During exposure, subjects consumed either decaffeinated or caffeinated (100 mg/serving) coffee on day 1 and the other coffee on day 2. During the test period, subjects had concurrent access to the same decaffeinated and caffeinated coffees. Under the forced-choice condition, subjects were required to drink at least four cups of coffee per day during the test period. Under the free-choice condition, subjects did not have a minimum-cup requirement. In general, the relative rate at which subjects self-administered caffeinated versus decaffeinated coffee was similar across choice conditions, even though subjects self-administered significantly fewer cups of both coffee types under the free-choice than the forced-choice condition. These results suggest that, at least for caffeine, forced-choice and free-choice procedures produce comparable results. Whether this finding generalizes to a context in which caffeine or another drug is more robustly self-administered, remains to be determined. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Caffeine nationallicence Coffee nationallicence Concurrent schedules nationallicence Drug self-administration nationallicence Humans nationallicence Methodology nationallicence Reinforcement nationallicence Oliveto Alison Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Hughes John Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Higgins Stephen Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Bickel Warren Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Pepper Sara Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Shea Pamela Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Fenwick James Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 109/1-2(1992-10-01), 85-91 0033-3158 109:1-2<85 1992 109 213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245484 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245484 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oliveto Alison Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hughes John Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Higgins Stephen Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bickel Warren Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pepper Sara Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shea Pamela Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fenwick James Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, 38 Fletcher Place, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 109/1-2(1992-10-01), 85-91 0033-3158 109:1-2<85 1992 109 213 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer