caa a22 4500 469119608 CHVBK 20180323133134.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02247413 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02247413 West Robert Psychology Department, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London University, SW17 0RE, London, UK aut Nicotine addiction: a re-analysis of the arguments [Elektronische Daten] [Robert West] This paper evaluates the arguments put forward by Robinson and Pritchard (R&P, this volume) that the conclusions of the US Surgeon General (USDHHS 1988) that nicotine is addictive were ill founded. R&P state that nicotine does not cause intoxication, that many smokers do not exhibit compulsive use, that nicotine is not a euphoriant, that nicotine is a weak reinforcer in other species, that non-pharmacological aspects of smoking are important and that negative affect control accounts for more of the variance in questionnaire measures of smoking motives than does habit. This paper points out that intoxication and a euphoriant effect are not normally considered to be central to dependence potential, that no addictive drug results in compulsive use in all users in all situations, that animals do reliably self-administer nicotine, that evidence concerning the apparent importance of non-pharmacological components of smoking do not diminish the importance of pharmacological aspects and that "variance accounted for” of self-report measures of smoking motivation do not bear on the issue of the importance of those motives. The paper concludes with a summary of the essence of the argument that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is the primary focus of that addiction. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Smoking nationallicence Nicotine nationallicence Dependence nationallicence Addiction nationallicence Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 108/4(1992-09-01), 408-410 0033-3158 108:4<408 1992 108 213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247413 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247413 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- West Robert Psychology Department, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London University, SW17 0RE, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 108/4(1992-09-01), 408-410 0033-3158 108:4<408 1992 108 213 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer