caa a22 4500 469121394 CHVBK 20180323133140.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170328e19920301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02245429 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02245429 Effect of transdermal nicotine patches on cigarette smoking: a double blind crossover study [Elektronische Daten] [Jonathan Foulds, John Stapleton, Colin Feyerabend, Cyril Vesey, Martin Jarvis, Michael Russell] The effect of transdermal nicotine patches on ad libitum cigarette smoking was examined in 30 subjects by measuring behavioural, biochemical and subjective aspects of smoking during a week of smoking without patches, and then a week each of nicotine and placebo patches in a randomised double blind crossover design. While wearing nicotine patches the subjects did not reduce the number of cigarettes smoked, but their expired carbon monoxide was reduced by 14%, they obtained less satisfaction from their cigarettes, and reported fewer and weaker urges to smoke. Down-regulation of nicotine intake from cigarettes was imprecise, such that when subjects wore nicotine patches their post-cigarette plasma nicotine concentration increased to an average of 45 ng/ml compared with 37 ng/ml in both no patch and placebo patch conditions. As the nicotine patches produced a plasma nicotine concentration of 15.9 ng/ml in abstinent subjects, this suggests a 22% reduction in nicotine intake from cigarettes while wearing nicotine patches. No serious symptoms of nicotine overdose were reported. It is suggested that the continuous absorption of nicotine from the patch may cause a build-up of acute tolerance to both toxic and pleasant subjective effects from smoking. Springer-Verlag, 1992 Nicotine nationallicence Transdermal delivery nationallicence Skin patches nationallicence Smoking nationallicence Cigarettes nationallicence Tolerance nationallicence Foulds Jonathan Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut Stapleton John Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut Feyerabend Colin Nicotine Laboratory, Poisons Unit, New Cross Hospital, Avonley Road, SE14, London, UK aut Vesey Cyril Department of Anaesthesia Research Laboratory, St Bartholemew's Hospital, West Smithfield, EC1, London, UK aut Jarvis Martin Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut Russell Michael Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 106/3(1992-03-01), 421-427 0033-3158 106:3<421 1992 106 213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245429 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02245429 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Foulds Jonathan Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stapleton John Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Feyerabend Colin Nicotine Laboratory, Poisons Unit, New Cross Hospital, Avonley Road, SE14, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vesey Cyril Department of Anaesthesia Research Laboratory, St Bartholemew's Hospital, West Smithfield, EC1, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jarvis Martin Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Russell Michael Health Behaviour Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, SE5 8AF, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Psychopharmacology Springer-Verlag 106/3(1992-03-01), 421-427 0033-3158 106:3<421 1992 106 213 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer