caa a22 4500 475767810 CHVBK 20180406123611.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s004270000079 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s004270000079 Parallel alterations in the timing of ovarian Ecdysone Receptor and Ultraspiracle expression characterize the independent evolution of larval reproduction in two species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) [Elektronische Daten] [Jason Hodin, L. M. Riddiford] Abstract : Although most insects reproduce in the adult stage, facultative larval or pupal reproduction (paedogenesis) has evolved at least six times indepently in insects, twice in gall midges of the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Paedogenesis in gall midges involves the precocious growth and differentiation of the ovary in an otherwise larval form. We have previously shown that the timing of expression of the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle (USP), the two proteins that constitute the functional receptor for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, regulates the timing and progression of ovarian differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Here we test the hypothesis that precocious activation of EcR and USP in the ovaries of paedogenetic gall midges allows for precocious ovarian differentiation. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against insect EcR and USP proteins, we first show that when these gall midges are reared under conditions that promote typical, metamorphic development, up- regulation of EcR and USP occurs in the final larval stage. By contrast, in the paedogenetic life cycle, EcR and USP are up-regulated early in the first larval stage. A similar pattern is seen for two independently-evolved paedogenetic gall midges, Heteropeza pygmaea and Mycophila speyeri. We discuss our results in the context of developmental constraints on the evolution of paedogenesis in dipteran insects. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Key words Paedogenesis nationallicence Ovary nationallicence Heterochrony nationallicence Homoplasy nationallicence Development and evolution nationallicence Hodin Jason Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA E-mail: hodin@alumni.washington.edu Tel.: +1-206-5434501, Fax: +1-206-5433041, US aut Riddiford L. M. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA E-mail: hodin@alumni.washington.edu Tel.: +1-206-5434501, Fax: +1-206-5433041, US aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s004270000079 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004270000079 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hodin Jason Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA E-mail: hodin@alumni.washington.edu Tel.: +1-206-5434501, Fax: +1-206-5433041, US aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Riddiford L. M. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA E-mail: hodin@alumni.washington.edu Tel.: +1-206-5434501, Fax: +1-206-5433041, US aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence SWISSBIB 475767810 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer