caa a22 4500 475771141 CHVBK 20180406123617.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s001250051377 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s001250051377 Lack of synergism between long-term poor glycaemic control and three gene polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin system on risk of developing diabetic nephropathy in Type I diabetic patients [Elektronische Daten] [L. Tarnow, T. Kjeld, E. Knudsen, A. Major-Pedersen, H. -H. Parving] Aims/hypothesis. Reports on a putative synergism between poor glycaemic control and carriage of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) C1166-allele and risk of diabetic nephropathy have been conflicting. Therefore, we investigated the interaction between long-term glycaemic control and three polymorphisms in the genes coding for AGTR1 (A1166→C), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE/ID) and angiotensinogen (M235T) on risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, we investigated the relation between a random measurement and long-term measurements of haemoglobin A1 c (HbA1 c).¶Methods. We studied Caucasian patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and nephropathy (120 men 74 women, age 41.1 ± 9.6 years, diabetes duration 28 ± 8 years) and long-standing Type I diabetic patients with persistent normoalbuminuria (112 men 69 women, age 42.5 ± 10.0 years, diabetes duration 27 ± 9 years). Genotyping was PCR-based and metabolic control estimated from all measurements of HbA1 c done in each patient [average (range) n = 31 (6-74)]. The median observation time (range) was 13.5 (2-14) years.¶Results. Type I diabetic patients with a history of poor glycaemic control (HbA1 c above the median, 8.7 %) had an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy compared with patients with a better metabolic control, OR (95 % CI): 9.2 (5.8-14.7). The magnitude of this risk was similar in carriers and non-carriers of the mutations. The risk of nephropathy in patients with HbA1 c above compared with below the median in carriers of the mutant C1166-allele, D-allele, or T235-allele were 7.6 (95 % CI: 3.9-14.8), 10.4 (6.0-17.8) and 9.8 (5.4-17.9), respectively. A significant correlation (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) existed between a random and long-term measurements of HbA1 c with a small mean difference (limits of agreement) [0.2 (-1.8 to 2.1) %] between the two estimates.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Poor metabolic control is a major risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian Type I diabetic patients. This risk was similar in carriers and non-carriers of the mutant alleles of the AGTR1(A1166→C), ACE/ID and angiotensinogen-M235T polymorphisms. The HbA1 c value measured at random reflects rather closely average long-term HbA1 c values. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 794-799] Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Keywords Renin-angiotensin system genes, glycaemic control, diabetic nephropathy, Type I diabetes nationallicence Tarnow L. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut Kjeld T. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut Knudsen E. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut Major-Pedersen A. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut Parving H. -H Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051377 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051377 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tarnow L. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kjeld T. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Knudsen E. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Major-Pedersen A. Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Parving H. -H Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark, DK aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer