caa a22 4500 475777468 CHVBK 20180406123635.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1002463829265 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1002463829265 Masson Valéry Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France aut A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In Atmospheric Models [Elektronische Daten] [Valéry Masson] An urban surface scheme for atmospheric mesoscale models ispresented. A generalization of local canyon geometry isdefined instead of the usual bare soil formulation currently usedto represent cities in atmospheric models. This allows refinement ofthe radiative budgets as well as momentum, turbulent heat and ground fluxes.The scheme is aimed to be as general as possible, in order to representany city in the world, for any time or weather condition(heat island cooling by night, urban wake, water evaporation after rainfalland snow effects). Two main parts of the scheme are validated against published data.Firstly, it is shown that the evolution of the model-predictedfluxes during a night with calm winds is satisfactory, considering both the longwave budget and the surface temperatures. Secondly, the original shortwave scheme is tested off-line and compared to the effective albedoof a canyon scale model. These two validations show that the radiative energy input to the urban surface model is realistic. Sensitivity tests of the model are performed for one-yearsimulation periods, for both oceanic and continental climates. The scheme has the ability to retrieve, without ad hoc assumptions, the diurnal hysteresis between the turbulent heat flux and ground heat flux. It reproduces the damping of the daytime turbulent heat flux by the heat storage flux observed in city centres. The latent heat flux is negligible on average,but can be large when short time scales are considered (especially afterrainfall). It also suggests that in densely built areas, domesticheating can overwhelm the net radiation, and supply a continuous turbulentheat flux towards the atmosphere. This becomes very important inwinter for continental climates. Finally, a comparison with a vegetation scheme shows that the suburban environment can be represented with a bare soil formulation for large temporal or spatial averages (typical of globalclimatic studies), but that a surface scheme dedicated to the urban surface is necessary when smaller scales are considered: town meteorological forecasts, mesoscale or local studies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 Surface scheme nationallicence Urban Canyon nationallicence Urban energy balance nationallicence Urban water balance nationallicence Urban boundary layer nationallicence Boundary-Layer Meteorology Kluwer Academic Publishers 94/3(2000-03-01), 357-397 0006-8314 94:3<357 2000 94 10546 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002463829265 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002463829265 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Masson Valéry Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Boundary-Layer Meteorology Kluwer Academic Publishers 94/3(2000-03-01), 357-397 0006-8314 94:3<357 2000 94 10546 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer