caa a22 4500 475790855 CHVBK 20180406123710.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s004230050259 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s004230050259 Carcinogenesis of primary liver malignancies [Elektronische Daten] [R. Dürr, W. H. Caselmann] Abstract : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors in humans today, and its incidence has been rising over recent decades in Western countries. The main risk factors for the development of HCC are viral infections (hepatitis B and C), alcohol use, and the intake of mycotoxins in some areas of the world. In addition to these risk factors, genetic disorders such as hemochromatosis or α1-anti- trypsin deficiency play a role. Regardless of the etiology, HCC generally develops on the basis of liver cirrhosis. Various pathomechanisms are effective during the neoplastic transformation of the hepatocyte. In chemical experimental models, hepatocarcinogenesis occurs in three stages: initiation, progression, and promotion. Molecular mechanisms of HCC development include the alteration in growth factor and tumor suppressor gene expression, dysregulation of apoptosis, and occurrence of reactive oxygen species generated during inflammation. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Key words Hepatocellular carcinoma nationallicence Molecular mechanisms nationallicence Carcinogenesis nationallicence Viral hepatitis nationallicence Liver cirrhosis nationallicence Dürr R. Department of Medicine I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany e-mail: Caselmann@Uni-Bonn.de Tel.: +49-228-2875511/5507 Fax: +49-228-2874698, DE aut Caselmann W. H. Department of Medicine I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany e-mail: Caselmann@Uni-Bonn.de Tel.: +49-228-2875511/5507 Fax: +49-228-2874698, DE aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s004230050259 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004230050259 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dürr R. Department of Medicine I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany e-mail: Caselmann@Uni-Bonn.de Tel.: +49-228-2875511/5507 Fax: +49-228-2874698, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Caselmann W. H. Department of Medicine I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany e-mail: Caselmann@Uni-Bonn.de Tel.: +49-228-2875511/5507 Fax: +49-228-2874698, DE aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer