caa a22 4500 475799852 CHVBK 20180406123734.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1026501501434 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1026501501434 Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Brain Structure in an Extended Twin Design [Elektronische Daten] [D. Posthuma, E. de Geus, M. Neale, H. Hulshoff Pol, W. Baaré, R. Kahn, D. Boomsma] The hunt for genes influencing behavior may be aided by the study of intermediate phenotypes for several reasons. First, intermediate phenotypes may be influenced by only a few genes, which facilitates their detection. Second, many intermediate phenotypes can be measured on a continuous quantitative scale and thus can be assessed in affected and unaffected individuals. Continuous measures increase the statistical power to detect genetic effects (Neale et al., 1994), and allow studies to be designed to collect data from informative subjects such as extreme concordant or discordant pairs. Intermediate phenotypes for discrete traits, such as psychiatric disorders, can be neurotransmitter levels, brain function, or structure. In this paper we conduct a multivariate analysis of data from 111 twin pairs and 34 additional siblings on cerebellar volume, intracranial space, and body height. The analysis is carried out on the raw data and specifies a model for the mean and the covariance structure. Results suggest that cerebellar volume and intracranial space vary with age and sex. Brain volumes tend to decrease slightly with age, and males generally have a larger brain volume than females. The remaining phenotypic variance of cerebellar volume is largely genetic (88%). These genetic factors partly overlap with the genetic factors that explain variance in intracranial space and body height. The applied method is presented as a general approach for the analysis of intermediate phenotypes in which the effects of correlated variables on the observed scores are modeled through multivariate analysis. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 2000 Extended twin study nationallicence methodology nationallicence structural equation modeling nationallicence intermediate phenotype nationallicence MRI nationallicence Posthuma D. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut de Geus E. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Neale M. Virginia Intsitute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23284, Richmond, Virginia aut Hulshoff Pol H. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Baaré W. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Kahn R. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut Boomsma D. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Behavior Genetics Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 30/4(2000-07-01), 311-319 0001-8244 30:4<311 2000 30 10519 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026501501434 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026501501434 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Posthuma D. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- de Geus E. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neale M. Virginia Intsitute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23284, Richmond, Virginia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hulshoff Pol H. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Baaré W. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kahn R. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boomsma D. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Behavior Genetics Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers 30/4(2000-07-01), 311-319 0001-8244 30:4<311 2000 30 10519 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer