caa a22 4500 475800052 CHVBK 20180406123735.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1008370109997 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1008370109997 Knowledge-Driven versus Data-Driven Logics [Elektronische Daten] [Didier Dubois, Petr Hájek, Henri Prade] The starting point of this work is the gap between two distinct traditions in information engineering: knowledge representation and data-driven modelling. The first tradition emphasizes logic as a tool for representing beliefs held by an agent. The second tradition claims that the main source of knowledge is made of observed data, and generally does not use logic as a modelling tool. However, the emergence of fuzzy logic has blurred the boundaries between these two traditions by putting forward fuzzy rules as a Janus-faced tool that may represent knowledge, as well as approximate non-linear functions representing data. This paper lays bare logical foundations of data-driven reasoning whereby a set of formulas is understood as a set of observed facts rather than a set of beliefs. Several representation frameworks are considered from this point of view: classical logic, possibility theory, belief functions, epistemic logic, fuzzy rule-based systems. Mamdani's fuzzy rules are recovered as belonging to the data-driven view. In possibility theory a third set-function, different from possibility and necessity plays a key role in the data-driven view, and corresponds to a particular modality in epistemic logic. A bi-modal logic system is presented which handles both beliefs and observations, and for which a completeness theorem is given. Lastly, our results may shed new light in deontic logic and allow for a distinction between explicit and implicit permission that standard deontic modal logics do not often emphasize. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 data-driven reasoning nationallicence deontic logic nationallicence epistemic logic nationallicence possibility theory nationallicence Dubois Didier Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France aut Hájek Petr Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences, 18207, Prague, Czech Republic aut Prade Henri Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France aut Journal of Logic, Language and Information Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/1(2000-01-01), 65-89 0925-8531 9:1<65 2000 9 10849 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008370109997 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008370109997 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dubois Didier Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hájek Petr Institute of Computer Science, Academy of Sciences, 18207, Prague, Czech Republic aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prade Henri Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Logic, Language and Information Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/1(2000-01-01), 65-89 0925-8531 9:1<65 2000 9 10849 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer