caa a22 4500 475801652 CHVBK 20180406123739.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s002680010148 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s002680010148 Nivatvongs Santhat Department of Surgery,, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic,, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA aut Surgical Management of Early Colorectal Cancer [Elektronische Daten] [Santhat Nivatvongs] An early colorectal carcinoma is TNM stage T1NxMx. Most early carcinomas of the colon and rectum can be treated by adequate local excision, such as colonoscopic polypectomy and per-anal excision. If there are adverse risk factors, especially poorly differentiated carcinoma, lymphovascular invasion, or incomplete excision, a radical resection is indicated if there is no contraindication. In the case of a low rectal carcinoma, adjuvant chemoradiation should be considered. Recently a new classification has been developed: sm1 is invasion to the upper one-third of the submucosa, sm2 is invasion to the middle one-third, and sm3 is invasion to the lower one-third. Lesions of sm1 and sm2 have a low risk of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis; local excision is adequate. The sm3 lesions and sm2 flat and depressed types have a high risk of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis; further treatment is indicated. Société Internationale de Chirurgie, 2000 World Journal of Surgery Springer-Verlag 24/9(2000-09-01), 1052-1055 0364-2313 24:9<1052 2000 24 268 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002680010148 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002680010148 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Nivatvongs Santhat Department of Surgery,, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic,, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- World Journal of Surgery Springer-Verlag 24/9(2000-09-01), 1052-1055 0364-2313 24:9<1052 2000 24 268 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer