caa a22 4500 475806778 CHVBK 20180406123749.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00984102 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00984102 Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals [Elektronische Daten] [T. Roulston, J. Cane] This paper reviews the literature concerning digestion and nutrient content of pollen. Four topics are addressed in detail: 1) The mechanism of pollen digestion by animals; 2) The efficiency of mechanical and digestive removal of pollen content by various animals; 3) Range and taxonomic distribution of pollen nutrients, and 4) Adaptive hypotheses proposed to associate pollen chemistry with pollinator reward. Studies on the mechanism(s) of pollen digestion remain inconclusive, but suggest that differences in digestibility among pollen types may reflect differences in pollen wall porosity, thickness, and composition. Although hummingbirds reportedly digest pollen very poorly, most animals studied, including those that do not regularly consume pollen, can digest 50-100% of ingested grains. Overlooked and recent research of pollen protein content shows that pollen grains may contain over 60% protein, double the amount cited in some studies of pollen-feeding animals. Adaptive hypotheses that associate pollen starch and pollen caloric content with pollinator reward remain unsubstantiated when critically viewed through the lens of phylogeny. Springer-Verlag, 2000 Pollen chemistry nationallicence pollen digestion nationallicence pollination syndrome nationallicence palynology nationallicence bees nationallicence nutrition nationallicence Roulston T. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, 27695-7613, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA aut Cane J. USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Lab, Utah State University, 84322, Logan, UT, USA aut Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 222/1-4(2000-03-01), 187-209 0378-2697 222:1-4<187 2000 222 606 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984102 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984102 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Roulston T. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, 27695-7613, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cane J. USDA-ARS Bee Biology and Systematics Lab, Utah State University, 84322, Logan, UT, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 222/1-4(2000-03-01), 187-209 0378-2697 222:1-4<187 2000 222 606 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer