caa a22 4500 475806816 CHVBK 20180406123749.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00984096 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00984096 The ecology and evolution of pollen odors [Elektronische Daten] [H. Dobson, G. Bergström] The literature is reviewed and new evidence presented that pollen produces odors, which serve multiple functions in pollination and defense. Pollen odor, which originates from pollenkitt, comprises volatiles that belong to the same chemical classes found in flower scents, that are in species-specific mixtures, and that contrast with odors of other floral parts. Pollen can also take up volatiles from surrounding floral odors, but this adsorption is selective and varies among species. Pollen odors are more pronounced in insect- than bird- or wind-pollinated plants, suggesting that volatile emission evolved in part under selection to attract pollinators. Pollen-feeding insects can perceive pollen odor and use it to discriminate between different pollen types and host plants. Pollen odor influences bee foraging, including the location of pollen sources, discrimination of flowers with different amounts of pollen, and hostplant recognition by pollen-specialist species. In the few wind-pollinated plants studied, odors of male flowers or pollen are comparatively high in α-methyl alcohols and ketones; these volatiles may serve in pollen defense, with some known to repel insects. Pollen odor often includes chemicals with documented defense activity, which is probably aimed mainly at nonpollinator pollen-feeding insects and pathogens; an involvement in pollen allelopathy is also possible. Pollen volatiles comprise chemically diverse compounds that may play multiple roles, and their emission in pollen odor undoubtedly evolved under the principle, and often conflicting, selective pressures to both protect the male gametophyte and increase its dispersal by animals. Springer-Verlag, 2000 Pollenkitt nationallicence volatiles nationallicence flowers nationallicence plant defense nationallicence pollen foraging nationallicence pollination nationallicence Dobson H. Department of Biology, Whitman College, 99362, Walla Walla, Washington, USA aut Bergström G. Chemical Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden aut Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 222/1-4(2000-03-01), 63-87 0378-2697 222:1-4<63 2000 222 606 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984096 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984096 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dobson H. Department of Biology, Whitman College, 99362, Walla Walla, Washington, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bergström G. Chemical Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Plant Systematics and Evolution Springer-Verlag 222/1-4(2000-03-01), 63-87 0378-2697 222:1-4<63 2000 222 606 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer