caa a22 4500 475812883 CHVBK 20180406123801.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02687257 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02687257 Younger Paul Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK aut The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Younger] During the 1990s, passive treatment technology was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK). Early hesitancy on the part of regulators and practitioners was rapidly overcome, at least for net-alkaline mine waters, so that passive treatment is now the technology of choice for the long-term remediation of such discharges, wherever land availability is not unduly limiting. Six types of passive systems are now being used in the UK for mine water treatment: ♦ aerobic, surface flow wetlands (reed-beds); ♦ anaerobic, compost wetlands with significant surface flow; ♦ mixed compost/limestone systems, with predominatly subsurface flow (so-calledReducing andAlkalinityProducingSystems (RAPS)); ♦ subsurface reactive barriers to treat acidic, metalliferous ground waters; ♦ closed-system limestone dissolution systems for zinc removal from alkaline waters; ♦ roughing filters for treating ferruginous mine waters where land availability is limited. Each of these technologies is appropriate for a different kind of mine water, or for specific hydraulic circumstances. The degree to which each type of system can be considered "proven technology” corresponds to the order in which they are listed above. Many of these passive systems have become foci for detailed scientific research, as part of a $1.5M European Commission project running from 2000 to 2003. Springer Verlag, 2000 Acidity nationallicence Aerobic nationallicence Anaerobic nationallicence Compost nationallicence Iron nationallicence Metals nationallicence Passive nationallicence Reactive barrier nationallicence Water treatment nationallicence Wetlands nationallicence Mine Water and the Environment Springer-Verlag 19/2(2000-09-01), 84-97 1025-9112 19:2<84 2000 19 10230 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687257 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02687257 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Younger Paul Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Mine Water and the Environment Springer-Verlag 19/2(2000-09-01), 84-97 1025-9112 19:2<84 2000 19 10230 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer