caa a22 4500 475814053 CHVBK 20180406123805.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20001201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/PL00001071 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/PL00001071 Criticality of Rupture Dynamics in 3-D [Elektronische Daten] [R. Madariaga, K. B. Olsen] Abstrac: —We study the propagation of seismic ruptures along a fault surface using a fourth-order finite difference program. When prestress is uniform, rupture propagation is simple but presents essential differences with the circular self-similar shear crack models of Kostrov. The best known is that rupture can only start from a finite initial patch (or asperity). The other is that the rupture front becomes elongated in the in-plane direction. Finally, if the initial stress is sufficiently high, the rupture front in the in-plane direction becomes super-shear and the rupture front develops a couple of "ears” in the in-plane direction. We show that we can understand these features in terms of single nondimensional parameter κ that is roughly the ratio of available strain energy to energy release rate. For low values of κ rupture does not occur because Griffith's criterion is not satisfied. A bifurcation occurs when κ is larger than a certain critical value, κ c . For even larger values of κ rupture jumps to super-shear speeds. We then carefully study spontaneous rupture propagation along a long strike-slip fault and along a rectangular asperity. As for the simple uniform fault, we observe three regimes: no rupture for subcritical values of κ, sub-shear speeds for a narrow range of supercritical values of κ, and super-shear speeds for κ > 1.3κ c . Thus, there seems to be a certain universality in the behavior of seismic ruptures. Birkhauser Verlag Basel,, 2000 Key Words: Rupture dynamics, finite-difference modeling, spontaneous rupture propagation nationallicence Madariaga R. Laboratoire de Géologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: madariag@geologie.ens.fr, FR aut Olsen K. B. Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A. E-mail: kbolsen@crustal.ucsb.edu, US aut https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00001071 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00001071 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Madariaga R. Laboratoire de Géologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: madariag@geologie.ens.fr, FR aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Olsen K. B. Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A. E-mail: kbolsen@crustal.ucsb.edu, US aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer