caa a22 4500 475814681 CHVBK 20180406123806.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1003886931171 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1003886931171 Changes in positive lead/acid battery plates during charge/discharge cycling [Elektronische Daten] [R. De Marco, J. Jones] Active materials and corrosion layers in positive plates of nonantimonial lead/acid batteries, at different stages of charge/discharge cycling, have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the initial stages of cycling, it has been found that the observed overcharging of cells is responsible for the formation of an underlayer of PbO in the grid corrosion layer, and this blocks the transfer of charge to the current collecting grid, causing rapid capacity loss. In the later stages of cycling at a ratio of capacities for charge and discharge (i.e., C/D) of close to unity, the grid corrosion layer does not possess an underlayer of PbO; however, the active material becomes progressively enriched with respect to insulating lead sulfate. It is suggested that initial overcharging is symbolic of grid corrosion as the rate of gassing side reactions is kept to a minimum by restricting the top-of-charge-voltage (TOCV) to 2.55 V, while sulfation of active material occurring at C/D values of about unity is probably attributable to stratification of the electrolyte and its concomitant effect on sulfation of active material. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 grid corrosion layer nationallicence lead/acid battery nationallicence plate passivation nationallicence positive active material nationallicence premature capacity loss nationallicence De Marco R. School of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, 6845, Perth, Western Australia, Australia aut Jones J. School of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, 6845, Perth, Western Australia, Australia aut Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers 30/1(2000-01-01), 77-83 0021-891X 30:1<77 2000 30 10800 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003886931171 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003886931171 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- De Marco R. School of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, 6845, Perth, Western Australia, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jones J. School of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, 6845, Perth, Western Australia, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers 30/1(2000-01-01), 77-83 0021-891X 30:1<77 2000 30 10800 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer