caa a22 4500 475816439 CHVBK 20180406123811.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20001101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1026542821607 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1026542821607 Improvement of the high energy ball-milling preparation procedure of CO tolerant Pt and Ru containing catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells [Elektronische Daten] [M.C. Denis, P. Gouérec, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, G. Lalande, R. Schulz] Ball-milling has been used to prepare performing CO tolerant polymer electrolyte fuel cell anode catalysts that contain Pt and Ru. The catalyst precursors are obtained by milling together Pt, Ru and a dispersing agent in the atomic ratio 0.5, 0.5 and 4.0. This precursor is not easily recovered after milling because it sticks to the walls of the vial and on the grinding balls. However, the precursor is recovered as a powder when a process control agent (PCA) is added during the milling step. Various PCAs have been used. The PCA should not interfere with the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts obtained by leaching the precursor. The best preparation of catalyst precursors are obtained by milling: (i) Pt, Ru and Al (dispersing agent) in the atomic ratio 0.5, 0.5, 4.0 + 10 wt% NaF (PCA) or (ii) Pt , Ru and MgH2 in the 0.5, 0.5, 4.0 atomic or molecular ratio. In this case, MgH2 plays at the same time the role of a dispersing agent and that of a PCA. The catalysts are obtained by leaching Al and NaF in (i) or MgH2 in (ii). The CO tolerance of these catalysts is equivalent to that of Pt0.5Ru0.5 Black from Johnson Matthey. The ball-milled catalysts have a surface area comprised between 30 and 44 m2 g−1. As-prepared catalysts are mainly made of metallic Pt and metallic plus oxidized Ru. After fuel cell tests, Pt is completely metallic while the oxidized Ru content decreases but does not disappear. These catalysts are composed of particles with crystallites of two different sizes: in (i) nanocrystallites (∼4 nm) that contain essentially Pt alloyed with Al and perhaps some Ru, and larger (≥∼30 nm) crystallites that contain essentially Ru; in (ii) Pt nanocrystalline particles that may contain some Ru and larger particles that contain essentially either Ru or Pt. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 mechanical alloying nationallicence PEFC nationallicence PEM fuel cell nationallicence process control agent nationallicence Pt-Ru alloy nationallicence Denis M.C. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut Gouérec P. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut Guay D. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut Dodelet J.P. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut Lalande G. IREQ, Hydro-Québec, C.P. 1000, Varennes, Québec, Canada, J3X 1S1 aut Schulz R. IREQ, Hydro-Québec, C.P. 1000, Varennes, Québec, Canada, J3X 1S1 aut Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers 30/11(2000-11-01), 1243-1253 0021-891X 30:11<1243 2000 30 10800 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026542821607 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026542821607 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Denis M.C. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gouérec P. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Guay D. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dodelet J.P. INRS-Énergie et Matériaux, C.P. 1020, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lalande G. IREQ, Hydro-Québec, C.P. 1000, Varennes, Québec, Canada, J3X 1S1 aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schulz R. IREQ, Hydro-Québec, C.P. 1000, Varennes, Québec, Canada, J3X 1S1 aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Kluwer Academic Publishers 30/11(2000-11-01), 1243-1253 0021-891X 30:11<1243 2000 30 10800 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer