caa a22 4500 475819136 CHVBK 20180406123817.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s002280050734 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s002280050734 The pharmacokinetics of caffeine in Nigerian children suffering from malaria and kwashiorkor [Elektronische Daten] [O. O. Akinyinka, A. Sowunmi, R. Honeywell, A. G. Renwick] Objectives: Caffeine-containing beverages are generally consumed by Nigerians suffering from malaria and kwashiorkor in the belief that caffeine aids early recovery from these illnesses, which are common in the tropics. However, there are no studies on the influence of these diseases on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of caffeine in Africans. Materials and methods: A single oral dose of caffeine was given to five healthy children and to five and seven children suffering from malaria and kwashiorkor, respectively. Caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites were measured in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of caffeine and the time of Cmax were similar (P > 0.05) in the three groups. However, the elimination half-life of caffeine was significantly longer in children with malaria (9.2 ± 3.5 h) (P < 0.01) and kwashiorkor (13.1 ± 7.9 h) (P < 0.05) than in the healthy controls (3.7 ± 1.8 h). The total plasma oral clearance of caffeine of 4.4 ± 1.9 ml/min/kg in healthy children was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in those with kwashiorkor (2.0 ± 0.9 ml/min/kg) and malaria (1.6 ± 1.0 ml/min/kg) (P < 0.05). Paraxanthine was the principal metabolite in all the three groups with Cmax significantly higher in healthy children (1.3 ± 0.3 μg/ml) than in children with malaria (0.8 ± 0.4 μg/ml) (P < 0.05) and kwashiorkor (0.3 ± 0.1 μg/ml) (P < 0.0001). CYP1A2 activity, measured by the plasma ratios of paraxanthine: caffeine, was significantly lower in kwashiorkor and malaria. Conclusions: This study showed that the plasma kinetics of caffeine are significantly altered in malaria and kwashiorkor, and CYP1A2 activity was lower in these two disease groups. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Key words Caffeine nationallicence Malaria nationallicence Kwashiorkor nationallicence Akinyinka O. O. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut Sowunmi A. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, NE aut Honeywell R. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut Renwick A. G. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050734 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050734 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Akinyinka O. O. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sowunmi A. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, NE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Honeywell R. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Renwick A. G. Clinical Pharmacology Group, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom, GB aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer