caa a22 4500 475826396 CHVBK 20180406123829.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s004459900064 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s004459900064 Volcanic history of El Chichón Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity [Elektronische Daten] [J. Espíndola, J. Macías, R. Tilling, M. Sheridan] Before its devastating eruption in 1982, El Chichón Volcano was little known and did not appear on any listings of hazardous volcanoes. Subsequent geologic studies, based on stratigraphic and radiocarbon investigations, showed that at least three explosive eruptions had occurred previously at this volcano. In this paper, we present the result of recent studies on the stratigraphy of the volcano and new radiocarbon ages which show that at least 11 eruptions have taken place at El Chichón in the past 8000 years. Explosive events, most of them producing block-andash flow and surge deposits, occurred around 550, 900, 1250, 1500, 1600, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3100, 3700 and 7700 years BP. The juvenile products of these eruptions have a trachyandesitic composition with similar degree of evolution, as evidenced from their SiO2 abundance and depletion in MgO, CaO, TiO2, as well as trace and rare earth elements. This suggests segregation of olivine and orthopyroxene from the melt. Since human settlements in southeast Mexico and Central America can be traced as far back as approximately 2500 years BP, most of these events probably affected human activity. In fact, there are reports of pottery shards and other artifacts in deposits from the eruption of 1250 BP. Pottery fragments in deposits of an eruption that took place 2500 BP are also reported in this paper. Thus, the impact of the volcano on human activities has been frequent, with most of the repose intervals lasting between 100 to 600 years. The impact of the eruptions was probably of greater than local extent, because airfall tephra could reach distant sites and possibly even affect weather. The eruptive history of El Chichón also offers clues in the investigation of the Maya civilization. Several researchers have considered the volcano as an important factor in the answer to some intriguing questions such as the extensive use of volcanic ash in Late Classic Maya ceramics or, of greater importance, the causes of the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization. Springer-Verlag, 2000 Stratigraphy nationallicence Evolution nationallicence El Chichón nationallicence México nationallicence Espíndola J. Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D.F. Tel.: +525-6224124 Fax: +525-5502486 e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:jme@tonatiuh.igeofcu.unam.mx”, México aut Macías J. Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D.F. Tel.: +525-6224124 Fax: +525-5502486 e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:jme@tonatiuh.igeofcu.unam.mx”, México aut Tilling R. U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, M-S 910, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591, USA, USA aut Sheridan M. Department of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3050, USA, USA aut Bulletin of Volcanology Springer-Verlag 62/2(2000-06-01), 90-104 0258-8900 62:2<90 2000 62 445 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004459900064 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004459900064 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Espíndola J. Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D.F. Tel.: +525-6224124 Fax: +525-5502486 e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:jme@tonatiuh.igeofcu.unam.mx”, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Macías J. Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México 04510, D.F. Tel.: +525-6224124 Fax: +525-5502486 e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:jme@tonatiuh.igeofcu.unam.mx”, México aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tilling R. U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, M-S 910, Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591, USA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sheridan M. Department of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3050, USA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Bulletin of Volcanology Springer-Verlag 62/2(2000-06-01), 90-104 0258-8900 62:2<90 2000 62 445 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer