caa a22 4500 47583111X CHVBK 20180406123840.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s100960000283 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s100960000283 Swiss Army Survey in Switzerland to Determine the Prevalence of Francisella tularensis , Members of the Ehrlichia phagocytophila Genogroup, Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Ticks [Elektronische Daten] [R. Wicki, P. Sauter, C. Mettler, A. Natsch, T. Enzler, N. Pusterla, P. Kuhnert, G. Egli, M. Bernasconi, R. Lienhard, H. Lutz, C. M. Leutenegger]  A total of 6071 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected on Swiss Army training grounds in five regions of Switzerland. The aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of ticks infected with the human pathogens Francisella tularensis, members of the Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and the European tick-borne encephalitis virus. TaqMan PCR (PE Biosystems, USA) and TaqMan RT-PCR (PE Biosystems) analyses were performed on DNA and RNA extracted from pools of ten ticks grouped by gender. Here, for the first time, it is shown that ticks may harbor Francisella tularensis in Switzerland, at a rate of 0.12%. Furthermore, 26.54% of the ticks investigated harbored Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 1.18% harbored members of the Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup, and 0.32% harbored the European tick-borne encephalitis virus. A new instrumentation was applied in this study to carry out and analyze more than 2300 PCR reactions in only 5 days. Furthermore, the results reveal that people working in outdoor areas, including army personnel on certain training grounds contaminated with ticks containing tick-borne pathogens, are at risk for different tick-borne diseases. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Wicki R. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Sauter P. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Mettler C. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Natsch A. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Enzler T. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Pusterla N. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA e-mail: cmleutenegger@ucdavis.edu, US aut Kuhnert P. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Egli G. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Bernasconi M. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Lienhard R. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Lutz H. Clinical Laboratory, Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, CH aut Leutenegger C. M. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s100960000283 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100960000283 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wicki R. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sauter P. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mettler C. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Natsch A. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Enzler T. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pusterla N. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA e-mail: cmleutenegger@ucdavis.edu, US aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kuhnert P. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Egli G. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bernasconi M. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lienhard R. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lutz H. Clinical Laboratory, Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, CH aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leutenegger C. M. Swiss Armed Forces Biological Service, 3001 Bern, Switzerland, CH aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer