caa a22 4500 475834704 CHVBK 20180406123850.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20001201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1026528727365 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1026528727365 Storage and formulation of the entomopathogenicnematodes Heterorhabditis indica and H. bacteriophora [Elektronische Daten] [O. Strauch, I. Niemann, A. Neumann, A.J. Schmidt, A. Peters, R.-U. Ehlers] Successful control of insect pests through theapplication of entomopathogenic nematode dauerjuveniles of H. bacteriophora and H.indica can only be achieved when the nematodematerial reaches the end user in good condition.Storage and formulation techniques must provideoptimum conditions to guarantee a maximum survival andinfectivity of the nematodes. Nematode survival wastested at temperatures ranging between 5-25 °C.A maximum survival of H. indica was achieved at15 °C and the highest mortality at 5 °C.H. bacteriophora survived best at 7.5 °Cand least at 25 °C. An increase of the saltconcentration had positive effects on dauer juvenilesurvival in aqueous suspensions. Low pH between 6 and4 reduced the bacterial growth and prolonged survivalof stored dauer juveniles. Of the organic acidsascorbic, benzoic, citric and sorbic acid, onlyascorbic acid had a positive effect on H. indicasurvival. Extracts of the dried spice plants cinnamon,cloves, rosemary and oregano were tested. Enhancementof H. indica survival was recorded for cinnamonand cloves. Survival and infectivity of nematodesstored in attapulgite and bentonite clays and spongewere recorded over several weeks at different storagetemperatures. Infectivity was not influenced by thedifferent formulation materials. When stored insponge at 25 °C nematodes survived less than 1week and the formulation in clay could only prolongthis period for another week. At 5 °C thesurvival of H. bacteriophora in sponge wassuperior to that in clay, whereas H. indicasurvived less well in sponge than in clay at15 °C. Storage in aerated water at 5 °Cfor H. bacteriophora and at 15 °C for H. indica resulted in the lowest mortality. Forstorage at controlled conditions (temperature, pH andosmolarity), aerated water is superior to all othermethods tested and the addition of preservatives willincrease survival. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 adjuvants nationallicence attapulgite nationallicence bentonite nationallicence infectivity nationallicence osmolarity nationallicence pH nationallicence survival nationallicence temperature nationallicence Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nationallicence Heterorhabditis indica nationallicence Strauch O. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut Niemann I. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut Neumann A. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut Schmidt A.J. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut Peters A. E-Nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und Biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Raisdorf, Germany aut Ehlers R.-U Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut BioControl Kluwer Academic Publishers 45/4(2000-12-01), 483-500 1386-6141 45:4<483 2000 45 10526 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026528727365 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026528727365 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Strauch O. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Niemann I. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Neumann A. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schmidt A.J. Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Peters A. E-Nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und Biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ehlers R.-U Institute for Phytopathology, Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Raisdorf, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- BioControl Kluwer Academic Publishers 45/4(2000-12-01), 483-500 1386-6141 45:4<483 2000 45 10526 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer