caa a22 4500 475845463 CHVBK 20180406123912.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20001101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/PL00000657 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/PL00000657 Avian influenza viruses infecting humans [Elektronische Daten] [K. Subbarao*, J. Katz] Abstract.: Avian species, particularly waterfowl, are the natural hosts of influenza A viruses. Influenza viruses bearing each of the 15 hemagglutinin and nine neuraminidase subtypes infect birds and serve as a reservoir from which influenza viruses or genes are introduced into the human population. Viruses with novel hemagglutinin genes derived from avian influenza viruses, with or without other accompanying avian influenza virus genes, have the potential for pandemic spread when the human population lacks protective immunity against the new hemagglutinin. Avian influenza viruses were thought to be limited in their ability to directly infect humans until 1997, when 18 human infections with avian influenza H5N1 viruses occurred in Hong Kong. In 1999, two human infections with avian influenza H9N2 viruses were also identified in Hong Kong. These events established that avian viruses could infect humans without acquiring human influenza genes by reassortment in an intermediate host and highlighted challenges associated with the detection of human immune responses to avian influenza viruses and the development of appropriate vaccines. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel,, 2000 Key words. Influenza nationallicence avian influenza nationallicence pandemic nationallicence H5N1 nationallicence genetic features nationallicence pathogenesis nationallicence Subbarao* K. Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta (Georgia 30333, USA), Fax +1 404 639 2334, e-mail: ksubbarao@cdc.gov, US aut Katz J. Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta (Georgia 30333, USA), Fax +1 404 639 2334, e-mail: ksubbarao@cdc.gov, US aut https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000657 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000657 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Subbarao* K. Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta (Georgia 30333, USA), Fax +1 404 639 2334, e-mail: ksubbarao@cdc.gov, US aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Katz J. Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta (Georgia 30333, USA), Fax +1 404 639 2334, e-mail: ksubbarao@cdc.gov, US aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer