caa a22 4500 475846125 CHVBK 20180406123914.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/PL00000715 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/PL00000715 Current cases in which epitope mimicry is considered as a component cause of autoimmune disease: immune-mediated (type 1) diabetes [Elektronische Daten] [A. Kukreja, N. K. Maclaren*] Abstract.: Autoimmune diseases result from a combination of genetic, immunologic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Infectious agents may induce the breakdown of immunological tolerance and the appearance of autoreactivity. However, the specific relationship between infection and autoimmunity is still unclear. One of the mechanisms responsible could be molecular mimicry between the infectious agent and self. The concept of molecular mimicry is a viable hypothesis in the investigation of the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of autoimmune disorders. Immune-mediated (type 1) diabetes in humans and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is polygenic and characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in islets of Langerhans. In NOD mice, a T-helper 1 (Th1)-based autoimmune response arises spontaneously against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) concurrently with the onset of insulitis. Subsequently, this Th1-type autoreactivity spreads intra- and intermolecularly to other β cell autoantigens, suggesting that a Th1-type response is responsible for the progression of the disease, whereas Th2 responses when experimentally induced are protective. In humans, a homology between GAD and the P2-C protein of Coxsackie B make a cause-and-effect molecular mimicry an attractive hypothesis. Evidence to support the concept of molecular mimicry in diabetes is reviewed. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel,, 2000 Key words. Autoimmune diseases nationallicence cytokines nationallicence molecular mimicry nationallicence autoantigens nationallicence immune-mediated diabetes mellitus nationallicence non-obese diabetic mice nationallicence Kukreja A. Juvenile Diabetes Center, Weill Medical School of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York (New York 10021, USA), Fax +1 212 746 1185, e-mail: nkmaclaren@aol.com, US aut Maclaren* N. K. Juvenile Diabetes Center, Weill Medical School of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York (New York 10021, USA), Fax +1 212 746 1185, e-mail: nkmaclaren@aol.com, US aut https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000715 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000715 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kukreja A. Juvenile Diabetes Center, Weill Medical School of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York (New York 10021, USA), Fax +1 212 746 1185, e-mail: nkmaclaren@aol.com, US aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Maclaren* N. K. Juvenile Diabetes Center, Weill Medical School of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York (New York 10021, USA), Fax +1 212 746 1185, e-mail: nkmaclaren@aol.com, US aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer