caa a22 4500 475846710 CHVBK 20180406123916.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1023/A:1008923301313 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1023/A:1008923301313 Applying cognitive design principles to formatting HRQOL instruments [Elektronische Daten] [Paul Mullin, Kathleen Lohr, Brian Bresnahan, Pauline McNulty] Researchers developing or using health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments can benefit from knowledge of state-of-the-art formatting methods for self-administered questionnaires. Three objectives in formatting design are: (1) to reduce errors in respondent navigation through the questionnaire that lead to item non-response and question misinterpretation; (2) to reduce respondent and administrative burden; and (3) to enhance respondent motivation in question answering and compliance with the request to participate. Based on an extensive literature review to identify techniques that have been shown to meet these objectives, we developed specific guidelines for HRQOL instruments concerning all aspects of questionnaire formatting. These guidelines represent well-motivated recommendations for improving HRQOL instruments, although their overall impact has not been empirically tested. We applied the guidelines to several HRQOL instruments that are widely used internationally, and obtained approval from the developers for all formatting changes to their instruments. Applying cognitive design principles and empirically substantiated formatting techniques produces an HRQOL instrument formatting with six critical attributes: simple, consistent, organized, natural, clear and attractive. The present paper contributes to the emerging research literature on the cognitive processes by which respondents answer HRQOL questions and demonstrates how 'scognitive aspects of survey methodology' research can improve HRQOL data collection efforts. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 Quality of life nationallicence Questionnaire design nationallicence Survey methods nationallicence Mullin Paul Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, P.O. Box 12194, 27709-2194, NC aut Lohr Kathleen Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, P.O. Box 12194, 27709-2194, NC aut Bresnahan Brian ICOM Health Economics, Johnson & Johnson, USA aut McNulty Pauline ICOM Health Economics, Johnson & Johnson, USA aut Quality of Life Research Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/1(2000-02-01), 13-27 0962-9343 9:1<13 2000 9 11136 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008923301313 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008923301313 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mullin Paul Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, P.O. Box 12194, 27709-2194, NC aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lohr Kathleen Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, P.O. Box 12194, 27709-2194, NC aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bresnahan Brian ICOM Health Economics, Johnson & Johnson, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McNulty Pauline ICOM Health Economics, Johnson & Johnson, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Quality of Life Research Kluwer Academic Publishers 9/1(2000-02-01), 13-27 0962-9343 9:1<13 2000 9 11136 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer