caa a22 4500 475849019 CHVBK 20180406123923.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170329e20000901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s004050000263 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s004050000263 External trauma to the larynx: classification, diagnosis, therapy [Elektronische Daten] [N. H. Kleinsasser, F. G. Priemer, W. Schulze, O. F. Kleinsasser] In contrast to internal trauma to the larynx caused by endolaryngeal procedures, trauma to the larynx caused by external forces is relatively rare. Nevertheless, the great variety of these external traumata warrants a thorough diagnosis and understanding of each case as well as a standardized and accepted method for classifying these injuries. These preconditions will facilitate successful therapy. At our three institutions cases of external trauma to the larynx, including the mechanisms of trauma, were reviewed and analyzed. Cases were classified according to the mechanisms and the sequelae of trauma. The three major categories were (a) external trauma due to the impact of blunt objects, (b) trauma after tearing of the neck and the larynx longitudinally, and (c) external trauma caused by sharp objects and gunshots. In the great majority of cases external trauma to the larynx was caused by blunt pressure and was most often due to strangulation in the course of (attempted) suicide or homicide. In a smaller number of cases sharp instruments caused external traumata. In patients surviving the immediate trauma a meticulous laryngological assessment is necessary. In addition to indirect laryngoscopy, we consider microlaryngoscopy as being indicated for investigating the soft tissues of the endolarynx. The status of the laryngeal skeleton can be determined more precisely via high-resolution computed tomography and ultrasound. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy have a significant impact on the patient's condition later, especially as regards scar formation, ease of breathing, and voice quality. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000 Key words Trauma nationallicence Larynx nationallicence Fracture nationallicence Rupture nationallicence Classification nationallicence Kleinsasser N. H. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81366 Munich, Germany Tel.: +49-89-51603982, Fax: +49-89-51603919 e-mail: norbert.kleinsasser@hno.med.uni-muenchen.de, DE aut Priemer F. G. Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany, DE aut Schulze W. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, DE aut Kleinsasser O. F. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, DE aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s004050000263 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004050000263 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kleinsasser N. H. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81366 Munich, Germany Tel.: +49-89-51603982, Fax: +49-89-51603919 e-mail: norbert.kleinsasser@hno.med.uni-muenchen.de, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Priemer F. G. Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schulze W. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kleinsasser O. F. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, DE aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer