caa a22 4500 477034276 CHVBK 20180405111301.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00426023 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00426023 Two is better than one: A diploid genotype for neural networks [Elektronische Daten] [Raffaele Calabretta, Riccardo Galbiati, Stefano Nolfi, Domenico Parisi] In nature the genotype of many organisms exhibits diploidy, i.e., it includes two copies of every gene. In this paper we describe the results of simulations comparing the behavior of haploid and diploid populations of ecological neural networks living in both fixed and changing environments. We show that diploid genotypes create more variability in fitness in the population than haploid genotypes and buffer better environmental change; as a consequence, if one wants to obtain good results for both average and peak fitness in a single population one should choose a diploid population with an appropriate mutation rate. Some results of our simulations parallel biological findings. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 adaptation nationallicence diploidy nationallicence genetic algorithms nationallicence genotype-phenotype mapping nationallicence neural networks nationallicence Calabretta Raffaele Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut Galbiati Riccardo Department of Biology, University ‘Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerce scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy aut Nolfi Stefano Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut Parisi Domenico Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut Neural Processing Letters Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 4/3(1996-12-01), 149-155 1370-4621 4:3<149 1996 4 11063 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426023 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426023 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Calabretta Raffaele Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Galbiati Riccardo Department of Biology, University ‘Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerce scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nolfi Stefano Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Parisi Domenico Institute of Neural Systems and Artificial Life, Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Wiale Marx 15, 00137, Rome, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Neural Processing Letters Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 4/3(1996-12-01), 149-155 1370-4621 4:3<149 1996 4 11063 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer