caa a22 4500 477036651 CHVBK 20180405111306.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s002689900028 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s002689900028 Surgical Management for Carcinoid Tumors of Small Bowel, Appendix, Colon, and Rectum [Elektronische Daten] [B. Stinner, O. Kisker, A. Zielke, M. Rothmund] Abstract. Carcinoid tumors occur most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite their ability to produce hormones, most of the midgut and hindgut carcinoids covered in this study are clinically silent, and the diagnosis is often not made before emergency surgery or evaluation for liver metastases. Because the rate of lymph node involvement and the prognosis of carcinoid tumors depend on their site and size, surgery refers to these two factors too. Lymph node metastases are most commonly found with small bowel carcinoids (20-45%), providing the rationale for an extended resection including the adjacent lymph node drainage area. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix < 1 cm in diameter rarely metastasize, simply requiring appendectomy for treatment. Lesions > 2 cm should be treated by right hemicolectomy because of their approximately 30% risk of lymph node metastases. Resection should always be done for carcinoid tumors of the colon resection as for adenocarcinomas. Rectal carcinoids < 2 cm rarely metastasize, directing the conclusion that for these smaller lesions local excision is sufficient; for lesions >2 cm a standard cancer resection should be performed provided distant metastases are absent. In general, the younger the patient or the larger the primary tumor, the more aggressive the treatment should be.: 1996 by the Société Internationale de Chir, ugie Stinner B. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut Kisker O. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut Zielke A. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut Rothmund M. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut https://doi.org/10.1007/s002689900028 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002689900028 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stinner B. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kisker O. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zielke A. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rothmund M. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany, DE aut Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer