caa a22 4500 477037623 CHVBK 20180405111309.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF00049487 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF00049487 Molecular and cellular biomarkers for field cancerization and multistep process in head and neck tumorigenesis [Elektronische Daten] [Vali Papadimitrakopoulou, Dong Shin, Waun Hong] Summary: One way to explain the development of head and neck cancer is through the theories of field cancerization, i.e., the exposure of an entire field of tissue to repeated carcinogenic insult, and multistep process, i.e., development of multiple cancers in a predisposed field through a series of recognizable states. Recent molecular genetic studies of histologically normal and prealignant epithelia of high-risk subjects and studies of malignant tumors in aerodigestive tract epithelia have identified a continuum of accumulated specific genetic alterations that possibly occur during the clonal evolution of tumors, namely, during the multistep process. Second primary or multiple primary tumors arise in the same fields as independent clones, with similar but unique molecular genetic and/or cellular alterations. Consequently, the assessment of these genetic and phenotypic alterations has been integrated into clinical chemoprevention trials in an effort to identify biomarkers that are also risk predictors and intermediate end points. This review covers candidate biomarkers of the processes of field cancerization and multistep tumor development in aerodigestive tract epithelia, including general and specific genetic markers, proliferation markers, and squamous differentiation markers. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 field cancerization nationallicence multistep tumorigenesis nationallicence biomarkers nationallicence aerodigestive tract epithelium nationallicence Papadimitrakopoulou Vali Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut Shin Dong Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut Hong Waun Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut Cancer and Metastasis Reviews Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 15/1(1996-03-01), 53-76 0167-7659 15:1<53 1996 15 10555 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00049487 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00049487 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Papadimitrakopoulou Vali Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shin Dong Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hong Waun Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Cancer and Metastasis Reviews Kluwer Academic Publishers; http://www.wkap.nl 15/1(1996-03-01), 53-76 0167-7659 15:1<53 1996 15 10555 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer