caa a22 4500 477038336 CHVBK 20180405111310.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19960801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02740752 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02740752 Priming events and retrograde injury signals [Elektronische Daten] A new perspective on the cellular and molecular biology of nerve regeneration [Richard Ambron, Edgar Walters] Successful axon regeneration requires that signals from the site of injury reach the nucleus to elicit changes in transcription. In spite of their obvious importance, relatively few of these signals have been identified. Recent work on regeneration in the marine molluskAplysia californica has provided several insights into the molecular events that occur in neurons after axon injury. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which axon regeneration is viewed as the culmination of a series of temporally distinct but overlapping phases. Within each phase, specific signals enter the nucleus to prime the cell for the arrival of subsequent signals. The first phase begins with the arrival of injury-induced action potentials, which act via calcium and cAMP to turn on genes used in the early stages of repair. In the next phase, MAP-kinases and other intrinsic constituents activated at the injury site are retrogradely transported through the axon to the nucleus, informaing the nucleus of the severity of the axonal injury, reinforcing the earlier events, and triggering additional changes. The third phase is characterized by the arrival of signals that originate from extrinsic growth factors and cytokines released by cells at the site of injury. In the last phase, signals from target-derived growth factors arrive in the cell soma to stop growth. Because many of these events appear to be universal, this framework may be useful in studies of nerve repair in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Human Press Inc, 1996 Axon injury nationallicence regeneration nationallicence excitability nationallicence signal transduction nationallicence CREB nationallicence NF-kB nationallicence Aplysia nationallicence MAP-kinases nationallicence cytokines nationallicence nuclear import nationallicence retrograde transport nationallicence Ambron Richard Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, NY aut Walters Edgar Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas-Houston, 77030, Houston, TX aut Molecular Neurobiology Humana Press 13/1(1996-08-01), 61-79 0893-7648 13:1<61 1996 13 12035 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02740752 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02740752 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ambron Richard Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 10032, New York, NY aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Walters Edgar Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas-Houston, 77030, Houston, TX aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Molecular Neurobiology Humana Press 13/1(1996-08-01), 61-79 0893-7648 13:1<61 1996 13 12035 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer