caa a22 4500 477038387 CHVBK 20180405111310.0 cr unu---uuuuu 170330e19961201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/BF02740624 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/BF02740624 Takahashi Lorey Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 6001 Research Park Blvd., 53719-1179, Madison, WI aut Glucocorticoids and the hippocampus [Elektronische Daten] Developmental interactions facilitating the expression of behavioral inhibition [Lorey Takahashi] When threatened, the rapid induction of fear and anxiety responses is adaptive. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the neurobiological development of behavioral inhibition, a prominent response occurring in fear and anxiety-provoking situations. In the rat, behavioral inhibition as exemplified by freezing first appears near the end of the second postnatal week. This emergence of freezing coincides with the developmental period marked by the rapid increase in plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids. Studies show that removal of glucocorticoids at this time severely impairs the age-dependent appearance of freezing. This behavioral impairment produced by adrenalectomy, however, is prevented by exogenous glucocorticoid administration. The effectiveness of glucocorticoids in facilitating the development of freezing appears to be caused by its actions in the hippocampus. In particular, glucocorticoids appear to play a vital role in the postnatal cellular development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Doses of glucocorticoids shown to reverse the behavioral inhibitory deficits occurring after adrenalectomy are ineffective when hippocampal dentate granule neurons are destroyed by neurotoxins. Notably, site-specific administration of glucocorticoids to the dorsal hippocampus is successful in promoting the occurrence of freezing in the adrenalectomized rat pup. It is hypothesized that glucocorticoids exert their behavioral inhibitory effects by influencing the development of the septohippocampal cholinergic system. Support for this hypothesis is derived from work demonstrating the importance of glucocorticoids on nerve growth factor systems that play a critical role in septohippocampal cholinergic survival. Humana Press Inc, 1996 Behavioral inhibition nationallicence freezing nationallicence emotional development nationallicence fear nationallicence glucocorticoids nationallicence corticosterone nationallicence hippocampus nationallicence dentate gyrus nationallicence neurotrophic factors nationallicence nerve growth factor nationallicence septohippocampal cholinergic system nationallicence Molecular Neurobiology Humana Press 13/3(1996-12-01), 213-226 0893-7648 13:3<213 1996 13 12035 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02740624 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02740624 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Takahashi Lorey Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 6001 Research Park Blvd., 53719-1179, Madison, WI aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Molecular Neurobiology Humana Press 13/3(1996-12-01), 213-226 0893-7648 13:3<213 1996 13 12035 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer